Zachariah R, Spielmann M P, Harries A D, Salaniponi F L
Médecins sans Frontières, Thyolo, Malawi.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003 Jan;7(1):65-71.
A study was conducted in new patients registered with tuberculosis (TB) in a rural district of Malawi in order to 1) verify the acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 2) describe sexual behaviour and condom use; and 3) identify socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with 'no condom use'.
Cross-sectional study.
Consecutive patients diagnosed with TB between January and December 2000 were offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT) and were subsequently interviewed.
There were 1,049 new TB patients enrolled in the study. Of these, 1,007 (96%) were pre-test counselled, 955 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 912 (87%) were post-test counselled; 43 (4%) patients refused HIV testing. The overall HIV infection rate was 77%. Of all HIV-positive TB patients, 691 (94%) were put on cotrimoxazole. There were 479 (49%) TB patients who reported sexual encounters, of whom only 6% always used condoms. Unprotected sex was associated with having TB symptoms for over 1 month, having had less than 8 years of school education, being single, divorced or widowed or having sex with the same partner.
Offering VCT to TB patients in this setting has a high acceptance rate and provides an opportunity to strengthen and integrate TB and HIV programmes.
在马拉维一个农村地区对新登记的结核病患者进行了一项研究，以：1）验证自愿咨询和检测人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的可接受性；2）描述性行为和避孕套使用情况；3）确定与“不使用避孕套”相关的社会人口统计学和行为风险因素。
横断面研究。
对2000年1月至12月期间连续诊断为结核病的患者提供自愿咨询和HIV检测（VCT），随后进行访谈。
共有1049名新结核病患者纳入研究。其中，1007名（96%）接受了检测前咨询，955名（91%）接受了HIV检测，912名（87%）接受了检测后咨询；43名（4%）患者拒绝HIV检测。总体HIV感染率为77%。在所有HIV阳性的结核病患者中，691名（94%）开始服用复方新诺明。有479名（49%）结核病患者报告有性行为，其中只有6%的人始终使用避孕套。无保护性行为与结核病症状持续超过1个月、受教育年限少于8年、单身、离异或丧偶或与同一伴侣发生性行为有关。
在这种情况下为结核病患者提供VCT有很高的接受率，并为加强和整合结核病与HIV项目提供了机会。
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