Spears Patricia A, Temple Louise M, Miyamoto David M, Maskell Duncan J, Orndorff Paul E
Department of Microbiology, Pathology, and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.
Infect Immun. 2003 May;71(5):2591-7. doi: 10.1128/IAI.71.5.2591-2597.2003.
Bordetella avium causes an upper respiratory tract disease (bordetellosis) in avian species. Commercially raised turkeys are particularly susceptible. Like other pathogenic members of the genus Bordetella (B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica) that infect mammals, B. avium binds preferentially to ciliated tracheal epithelial cells and produces similar signs of disease. These similarities prompted us to study bordetellosis in turkeys as a possible nonmammalian model for whooping cough, the exclusively human childhood disease caused by B. pertussis. One impediment to accepting such a host-pathogen model as relevant to the human situation is evidence suggesting that B. avium does not express a number of the factors known to be associated with virulence in the other two Bordetella species. Nevertheless, with signature-tagged mutagenesis, four avirulent mutants that had lesions in genes orthologous to those associated with virulence in B. pertussis and B. bronchiseptica (bvgS, fhaB, fhaC, and fimC) were identified. None of the four B. avium genes had been previously identified as encoding factors associated with virulence, and three of the insertions (in fhaB, bvgS, and fimC) were in genes or gene clusters inferred as being absent or incomplete in B. avium, based upon the lack of DNA sequence similarities in hybridization studies and/or the lack of immunological cross-reactivity of the putative products. We further found that the genotypic arrangements of most of the B. avium orthologues were very similar in all three Bordetella species. In vitro tests, including hemagglutination, tracheal ring binding, and serum sensitivity, helped further define the phenotypes conferred by the mutations. Our findings strengthen the connection between the causative agents and the pathogenesis of bordetellosis in all hosts and may help explain the striking similarities of the histopathologic characteristics of this upper airway disease in avian and mammalian species.
禽博德特氏菌可引起禽类的上呼吸道疾病（博德特氏菌病）。商业养殖的火鸡尤其易感。与其他感染哺乳动物的博德特氏菌属致病成员（百日咳博德特氏菌和支气管败血博德特氏菌）一样，禽博德特氏菌优先结合纤毛气管上皮细胞并产生相似的疾病症状。这些相似性促使我们将火鸡的博德特氏菌病作为百日咳（一种仅在人类儿童中发生的由百日咳博德特氏菌引起的疾病）可能的非哺乳动物模型进行研究。接受这样一个与人类情况相关的宿主 - 病原体模型的一个障碍是有证据表明禽博德特氏菌不表达许多已知与其他两种博德特氏菌毒力相关的因子。然而，通过签名标签诱变，鉴定出了四个无毒突变体，它们在与百日咳博德特氏菌和支气管败血博德特氏菌毒力相关基因同源的基因（bvgS、fhaB、fhaC和fimC）中存在损伤。这四个禽博德特氏菌基因以前都未被鉴定为编码与毒力相关的因子，并且其中三个插入（在fhaB、bvgS和fimC中）位于基于杂交研究中DNA序列相似性缺乏和/或推定产物免疫交叉反应性缺乏而推断在禽博德特氏菌中不存在或不完整的基因或基因簇中。我们进一步发现大多数禽博德特氏菌同源物的基因型排列在所有三种博德特氏菌物种中非常相似。包括血凝、气管环结合和血清敏感性在内的体外试验有助于进一步确定突变赋予的表型。我们的发现加强了所有宿主中博德特氏菌病病原体与发病机制之间的联系，并可能有助于解释这种上呼吸道疾病在禽类和哺乳动物物种中组织病理学特征的显著相似性。
