Yurgelun-Todd Deborah A, Killgore William D S, Cintron Christina B
Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Feb;96(1):3-17. doi: 10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.3.
Adolescent development involves progressive changes in brain structure and cognitive function, but relatively few studies have documented the cognitive correlates of differences in structural brain volumes in this age group. We examined the relations among age, cognitive processing, and mesial temporal lobe volume in 37 children and adolescents. Participants completed a brief cognitive assessment battery and underwent volumetric structural magnetic resonance imaging. For the sample as a whole, amygdala volume correlated positively with age, and larger volumes of both the left and right amygdala were significantly associated with better performance on several cognitive tasks assessing academic skills and acquired knowledge in long-term memory. In contrast, hippocampal volumes did not correlate with adolescents' age and were less frequently correlated with cognitive performance. Amygdala volumes were most predictive of cognitive abilities in boys, whereas for girls, the volume of the hippocampus contributed more frequently to the prediction of cognitive abilities. These data suggest that measurable differences in mesial temporal volumes during adolescence are reliably associated with long-term cognitive abilities, particularly academic skills and the acquisition of intellectual knowledge, and that these relationships may differ as a function of the sex of the child.
青少年发育涉及大脑结构和认知功能的渐进性变化，但相对较少的研究记录了该年龄组大脑结构体积差异与认知之间的关联。我们研究了37名儿童和青少年的年龄、认知加工与内侧颞叶体积之间的关系。参与者完成了一套简短的认知评估测试，并接受了容积性结构磁共振成像检查。对于整个样本而言，杏仁核体积与年龄呈正相关，左右杏仁核体积较大均与在评估学术技能和长期记忆中获得知识的多项认知任务上的更好表现显著相关。相比之下，海马体体积与青少年的年龄无关，且与认知表现的相关性较低。杏仁核体积对男孩的认知能力预测性最强，而对于女孩，海马体体积对认知能力预测的贡献更为常见。这些数据表明，青春期内侧颞叶体积的可测量差异与长期认知能力可靠相关，尤其是学术技能和知识获取，而且这些关系可能因儿童性别而异。
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