妊娠早期长期摄入乙醇对母猪胚胎健康和子宫功能的影响。
The effects of chronic ethanol consumption during early pregnancy on conceptus health and uterine function in pigs.
作者信息
Kubotsu Stephanie L, Hu Jianbo, Carnahan Kevin G, deAvila Jeanene, Ott Troy L, Mirando Mark A
机构信息
Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Apr;27(4):712-9. doi: 10.1097/01.ALC.0000062650.09584.2A.
BACKGROUND
Maternal ethanol consumption impairs fetal health, but it is unclear if this occurs through direct actions on the conceptus or indirectly through effects on the uterus. The objective of this study was to determine if chronic ethanol consumption in swine would impair early embryonic and fetal health either through direct effects on the conceptus or indirect effects on the endometrium.
METHODS
Four experiments evaluated the effects of chronic ethanol consumption during early pregnancy. Female pigs were fed either 350 ml of 95% ethanol or an isocaloric amount of dextrose at 10 to 14-hr intervals beginning on day 10 after pubertal estrus and continuing until ovariohysterectomy 11 to 35 days after mating. At the second estrus, pigs were mated to a fertile boar that did not consume alcohol.
RESULTS
In experiment 1, ethanol consumption increased (p < 0.01) blood alcohol concentrations that peaked 2-3 hr after feeding. In experiment 2, ethanol was detectable in uterine flushings 2 hr after feeding on day 11 of pregnancy and was highly correlated (r = 0.989, p < 0.001) with blood alcohol concentration. In experiment 3, ethanol consumption did not affect endometrial phospholipase C activity on days 11 and 16 of pregnancy but decreased (p < 0.05) basal endometrial prostaglandin F(2alpha) production on day 16. However, ethanol consumption did not decrease the number of conceptuses on day 11 or conceptus DNA content on days 11 or 16. In experiment 4, ethanol consumption decreased (p < 0.05) fetal survival rate to 58% versus 85% in dextrose-fed controls on day 35 of pregnancy. For viable conceptuses, ethanol consumption reduced (p < 0.01) fetal weight, fetal crown-rump length, placental weight and volume of placental (chorio-allantoic + amniotic) fluid.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that chronic ethanol consumption may impair conceptus health directly or indirectly through actions upon the endometrium. Thus, the pig may be a valuable experimental model for studies on the effects of maternal alcohol consumption on conceptus development.
背景
孕期母体摄入乙醇会损害胎儿健康，但尚不清楚这是通过对胚胎的直接作用还是通过对子宫的间接作用发生的。本研究的目的是确定母猪长期摄入乙醇是否会通过对胚胎的直接影响或对子宫内膜的间接影响损害早期胚胎和胎儿健康。
方法
四项实验评估了妊娠早期长期摄入乙醇的影响。从青春期发情后第10天开始，以10至14小时间隔给雌性猪喂食350毫升95%乙醇或等热量的葡萄糖，持续至交配后11至35天进行卵巢子宫切除术。在第二次发情期，将猪与不饮酒的可育公猪交配。
结果
在实验1中，摄入乙醇使血液酒精浓度升高（p<0.01），喂食后2 - 3小时达到峰值。在实验2中，妊娠第11天喂食后2小时，子宫冲洗液中可检测到乙醇，且与血液酒精浓度高度相关（r = 0.989，p<0.001）。在实验3中，摄入乙醇在妊娠第11天和第16天不影响子宫内膜磷脂酶C活性，但在第16天降低了（p<0.05）基础子宫内膜前列腺素F(2α)的产生。然而，摄入乙醇在第11天并未减少胚胎数量，在第11天或第16天也未减少胚胎DNA含量。在实验4中，妊娠第35天，摄入乙醇使胎儿存活率降低（p<0.05）至58%，而葡萄糖喂养的对照组为85%。对于存活的胚胎，摄入乙醇降低了（p<0.01）胎儿体重、胎儿顶臀长度、胎盘重量以及胎盘（绒毛膜尿囊 + 羊膜）液体积。
结论
这些结果表明，长期摄入乙醇可能通过对子宫内膜的作用直接或间接损害胚胎健康。因此，猪可能是研究孕期母体饮酒对胚胎发育影响的有价值的实验模型。
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