Polianskaya G G, Vakhtin Iu B
Institute of Cytology RAS, St. Petersburg.
Tsitologiia. 2003;45(2):115-31.
This review describes regularities of karyotypic variability maintaining karyotypic stabilization of continuous cell lines. Statistical analysis of individual karyotypes of "marker" and "markerless" cell lines show that survival of cell population in vitro is maintained by a certain ratio of cells with different structural variants of karyotype (SVK). Characteristic feature of karyotypic variability in the "markerless" cell lines during long-term cultivation under various conditions is dicentric formation due to telomeric associations. These dicentrics seem to form genetical structures providing adaptation to conditions in vitro of the cell population as an autonomous system. Correlations between the numerical variability reflecting in SVK, and structural variability (dicentric formation) are manifestations of an integral cell-populational function. Experimental data allow to suggest that integrity of the karyotypic structure of cell populations is maintained not only by selection of random variations, but also by programmed (adaptive) changes of karyotype. As a whole, in the cell population the state is realized that can be called karyotypic homeostasis; the observed phenomena characterize processes maintaining such homeostasis.
本综述描述了维持连续细胞系核型稳定性的核型变异规律。对“有标记”和“无标记”细胞系的个体核型进行统计分析表明，体外细胞群体的存活是由具有不同核型结构变异（SVK）的细胞的特定比例维持的。在各种条件下长期培养期间，“无标记”细胞系核型变异的特征是由于端粒缔合而形成双着丝粒。这些双着丝粒似乎形成了遗传结构，使细胞群体作为一个自主系统适应体外条件。反映在SVK中的数值变异与结构变异（双着丝粒形成）之间的相关性是整体细胞群体功能的表现。实验数据表明，细胞群体核型结构的完整性不仅通过随机变异的选择来维持，还通过核型的程序性（适应性）变化来维持。总体而言，在细胞群体中实现了一种可称为核型稳态的状态；观察到的现象表征了维持这种稳态的过程。
