Tantisiriwat W, Powderly W G
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
AIDS Read. 1999 Mar-Apr;9(2):122-30.
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the hallmark of the immunodeficiency associated with HIV infection. Prophylaxis strategies have improved the morbidity and mortality associated with AIDS. The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought about a change in the natural history and clinical manifestations of OIs; a decline in the incidence of most OIs; and an improvement in the clinical outcome of many OIs. The possibility of immune reconstitution raises questions about whether withdrawal or prophylaxis is safe and, in some cases, whether certain diseases may be curable without lifelong maintenance prophylaxis. Ongoing studies should provide information about the safety of removing primary and secondary prophylaxis in patients who respond to HAART. This review will update clinicians on the current state of the art of prophylaxis and treatment of OIs in patients taking HAART.
机会性感染（OIs）是与HIV感染相关的免疫缺陷的标志。预防策略改善了与艾滋病相关的发病率和死亡率。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的广泛使用改变了机会性感染的自然史和临床表现；大多数机会性感染的发病率下降；许多机会性感染的临床结局得到改善。免疫重建的可能性引发了关于撤药或预防是否安全的问题，在某些情况下，还引发了关于某些疾病在不进行终身维持预防的情况下是否可治愈的问题。正在进行的研究应提供有关在对HAART有反应的患者中停用一级和二级预防的安全性的信息。本综述将向临床医生介绍接受HAART治疗的患者机会性感染预防和治疗的当前技术水平。
