Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy offers gratifying palliative relief of pain to patients with metastatic cancer of the breast and prostate. This report represents the results of two years' experience with this procedure at Emory University School of Medicine. The physiologic rationale and clinical indications for hypophysectomy are described, as is the operative technic using the open transsphenoidal microsurgical approach. The series of cases reported here includes 20 men with disseminated prostatic carcinoma and 23 women and one man with metastatic carcinoma of the breast. All 44 procedures were done by the transsphenoidal microsurgical approach. Pain was the preoperative indication for surgery in 41, while three patients were operated on for extensive disease without pain. Satisfactory relief of pain was obtained in 76% of the patients with prostatic cancer and in 83% of the breast cancer patients. While the results are gratifying with regard to relief of pain, the duration of follow-up is not sufficient to comment on the value of the procedure in significantly prolonging life.