Mäki Pirjo, Veijola Juha, Räsänen Pirkko, Joukamaa Matti, Valonen Pauliina, Jokelainen Jari, Isohanni Matti
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
J Affect Disord. 2003 May;74(3):273-8. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00019-8.
No epidemiological studies have been reported on the association between mothers' antenatal depression and criminality in their offspring.
The material consists of a general population cohort of 12059 children born in 1966 in Northern Finland and followed to the end of 1998. Mothers were asked at midgestation by a nurse at the antenatal clinic if they felt themselves to be depressed. The Finnish Ministry of Justice provided information for all descendants on criminal offences. The associations between maternal depression and subgroups of violent and non-violent, violent recidive and non-recidive criminality in male and female offspring were analysed.
Of the mothers 14% had depressed mood during pregnancy. A total of 607 (10.9%) male and 72 (1.3%) female criminal offenders were included in the cohort. When adjusted for mother's marital status, smoking, wantedness of the pregnancy, place of residence, socioeconomic status and perinatal complications, the odds ratio (OR) for males was 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.9) in the association between maternal depression and non-violent offenders, 1.6 (1.1-2.4) between maternal depression and violent offenders and 1.7 (1.0-3.0) between maternal depression and violent recidivists. The adjusted OR for females involved in non-violent crimes was 1.7 (0.9-3.3) and 0.6 (0.1-6.0) for violent crimes.
Maternal depression was not checked using a standardized assessment.
For male offspring of antenatally depressed mothers there was a significant but slight increase in criminality. The emotional state of a pregnant mother may have some, but limited, influence on later criminality in the offspring.
尚无关于母亲产前抑郁与其后代犯罪行为之间关联的流行病学研究报道。
研究材料来自于1966年出生在芬兰北部的12059名儿童的普通人群队列，随访至1998年底。产前诊所的护士在孕期中期询问母亲是否感到抑郁。芬兰司法部提供了所有后代犯罪记录的信息。分析了母亲抑郁与男性和女性后代暴力及非暴力、暴力累犯及非累犯犯罪亚组之间的关联。
14%的母亲在孕期有抑郁情绪。该队列中共有607名（10.9%）男性和72名（1.3%）女性犯罪者。在调整了母亲的婚姻状况、吸烟情况、妊娠意愿、居住地点、社会经济地位和围产期并发症后，母亲抑郁与非暴力犯罪者之间的关联中，男性的优势比（OR）为1.4（95%CI 1.0 - 1.9），与暴力犯罪者之间为1.6（1.1 - 2.4），与暴力累犯之间为1.7（1.0 - 3.0）。涉及非暴力犯罪的女性调整后OR为1.7（0.9 - 3.3），涉及暴力犯罪的为0.6（0.1 - 6.0）。
未使用标准化评估方法检查母亲的抑郁情况。
对于产前抑郁母亲的男性后代，犯罪率有显著但轻微的上升。孕期母亲的情绪状态可能对后代日后的犯罪行为有一定但有限的影响。
