A novel biphasic extractive membrane bioreactor for minimization of membrane-attached biofilms.

Extractive membrane bioreactor (EMB) systems offer a means of biologically treating wastewaters, but, like other membrane processes, are constrained by their tendency to be fouled by membrane-attached biofilms (MABs). This study describes a new approach to eradicate MAB formation and accumulation in EMB systems. To this end, an innovative EMB configuration, the biphasic extractive membrane bioreactor (BEMB), has been developed. In BEMB systems, the two main constituents of the EMB process, membrane and bacteria, are kept separated and interact via a suitable recirculating solvent. Nineteen candidate solvents were tested to assess their suitability for BEMB application. Based on the results of the solvent selection, guidelines are provided to screen solvents for BEMB application. BEMB and EMB runs were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of BEMB technology in avoiding MAB accumulation and to compare BEMB and EMB performance. A synthetic wastewater containing monochlorobenzene (MCB) was used as a model system. Abiotic BEMB and EMB runs were carried out and used as comparative references for estimating the effect of MAB accumulation on system performance. MAB thickness in the BEMB systems was controlled at 18 microm during 1 month of operation, whereas, in the EMB systems, MAB thickness reached 1250 microm. Analysis of mass transport in EMB and BEMB systems revealed that the high affinity of the permeating molecules for the solvent may contribute to a reduction in shell-side mass transfer resistance. This reduction of shell-side mass transfer resistance and the absence of MAB accumulation led to overall mass transfer coefficients of about sevenfold greater (4.5 x 10(-5) m s(-1)) in the BEMB system than in the EMB system (0.6 x 10(-5) m s(-1)).