Hedrick Philip W
Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2003 Jun;121(2):151-6. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.10180.
The incidence of albinism in Hopi Indians has been estimated as approximately 1 in 200 individuals. It has been suggested that "cultural" selection as the result of a mating advantage of males with albinism has been important in the maintenance of this high incidence. To examine this hypothesis quantitatively, a model that includes male-mating advantage, mutation, and viability selection is analyzed. In order to play an important role in the maintenance of the high incidence of albinism, the necessary mating advantage of males with albinism appears unrealistically high. However, if the extent of viability selection against individuals with albinism is not as large as previously assumed, the necessary amount of mating advantage is not as high. Other related aspects are also discussed here, such as the type of albinism in Hopi Indians and its impact, the conditions for a polymorphism with male-mating advantage and viability selection, and the time necessary to change the incidence of albinism either by the relaxation or institution of male-mating advantage.
据估计，霍皮族印第安人中白化病的发病率约为每200人中有1人。有人认为，由于白化病男性具有交配优势而产生的“文化”选择，对维持这种高发病率起到了重要作用。为了定量检验这一假设，我们分析了一个包含男性交配优势、突变和生存选择的模型。为了在维持白化病的高发病率中发挥重要作用，白化病男性所需的交配优势似乎高得不符合实际。然而，如果针对白化病个体的生存选择程度不像之前假设的那么大，那么所需的交配优势量就不会那么高。这里还讨论了其他相关方面，比如霍皮族印第安人中白化病的类型及其影响、具有男性交配优势和生存选择的多态性条件，以及通过放宽或建立男性交配优势来改变白化病发病率所需的时间。
