Zhulidov Alexander V, Robarts Richard D, Headley John V, Korotova L G, Zhulidov Daniel A, Zhulidova Olga V, Chernousov S Ya, Khlobystov V V, Pavlov Dima F, Lysenko V S, Korneev V V
Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects on Technical Assistance, Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2003 May;38(5):753-69. doi: 10.1081/ese-120018589.
While the Azov and Black seas are subject to anthropogenic pollution to a much higher extent than any other seas, this has been little studied with only a few critical reviews of contaminant fluxes to these seas. Riverine fluxes of the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and DDT to the Azov and Black seas from the former Soviet Union and Russian Federation were thus reviewed for 1986 to 1996. The review was based on official data and data obtained by independent specialists. The amount of HCH used, and the intensity of usage, in these river catchments decreased during the review period. Concurrently, OCP concentrations in the rivers and their fluxes also decreased according to both official and independent data. A comparison of the official and the independent data sets for 1988 revealed significant differences, reflecting the need for more rigorous sampling and analytical protocols for both data sets. According to the OGSNK/GSN data, the flux rates of the five largest rivers were ranked (from largest to smallest) as follows: Don > Dnestr > Danube > Kuban > Dnepro (alpha-HCH); Danube > Don > Dnestr > Dnepro > Kuban (gamma-HCH); Dnestr > Danube > Don > Dnepro-Kuban (DDT+DDE). For rivers with lower annual riverine discharges, the DDT fluxes were surprisingly high (0.43 to 1.49 tonnes a(-1)). According to independent data for 1988 the rankings of the rivers was: Danube > Don > Dnepro > Dnestr > Kuban (alpha-HCH); Danube > Don > Dnestr > Dnepro > Kuban (gamma-HCH); Danube > Dnepro > Dnestr > Don > Kuban (DDT); Danube > Dnepro > Don > Kuban > Dnestr (DDE). The DDT flux estimates for small rivers derived from independent data were 19 to 46 times lower than those calculated using OGSNK/GSN data. According to the independent data, the total riverine OCP transport from the Russian Federation into the Azov Sea from 1988 to 1996 was 1.288 tonnes of gamma-HCH+alpha-HCH and 1.693 tonnes of DDT+DDE while for the Black Sea they were 3.830 tonnes and 5.116 tonnes for gamma-HCH+alpha-HCH and DDT+DDE, respectively.
虽然亚速海和黑海受到的人为污染程度比其他任何海域都高得多，但这方面的研究很少，对流入这些海域的污染物通量只有少数批判性综述。因此，对1986年至1996年期间前苏联和俄罗斯联邦河流向亚速海和黑海输送有机氯农药（OCPs）六氯环己烷（HCH）和滴滴涕（DDT）的情况进行了综述。该综述基于官方数据和独立专家获取的数据。在审查期间，这些河流集水区内HCH的使用量及其使用强度均有所下降。与此同时，根据官方数据和独立数据，河流中的OCP浓度及其通量也都有所下降。对1988年官方数据集和独立数据集的比较显示出显著差异，这反映出两个数据集都需要更严格的采样和分析方案。根据OGSNK/GSN数据，五条最大河流的通量率（从大到小）排序如下：顿河＞德涅斯特河＞多瑙河＞库班河＞第聂伯河（α-HCH）；多瑙河＞顿河＞德涅斯特河＞第聂伯河＞库班河（γ-HCH）；德涅斯特河＞多瑙河＞顿河＞第聂伯河-库班河（DDT+DDE）。对于年径流量较小的河流，DDT通量高得出奇（0.43至1.49吨/年）。根据1988年的独立数据，河流排名为：多瑙河＞顿河＞第聂伯河＞德涅斯特河＞库班河（α-HCH）；多瑙河＞顿河＞德涅斯特河＞第聂伯河＞库班河（γ-HCH）；多瑙河＞第聂伯河＞德涅斯特河＞顿河＞库班河（DDT）；多瑙河＞第聂伯河＞顿河＞库班河＞德涅斯特河（DDE）。根据独立数据估算，1988年至1996年期间，俄罗斯联邦河流向亚速海输送的OCP总量为γ-HCH+α-HCH 1.288吨，DDT+DDE 1.693吨；而对于黑海，γ-HCH+α-HCH和DDT+DDE分别为3.830吨和5.116吨。
