Rüssmann W
Klinik und Poliklinik für Schielbehandlung und Neuroophthalmologie, Zentrum für Augenheilkunde der Universität zu Köln.
Ophthalmologe. 2003 May;100(5):416-30; quiz 431-2. doi: 10.1007/s00347-002-0749-z.
Basic examination techniques for manifest and latent strabismus as well as for paralytic strabismus are discussed. Usually the medical history gives the first clues for the form of strabismus. The examination starts with an evaluation of the head posture. The objective angle is estimated through corneal reflections and the corrective saccade (cover test). Uncover and cover testing allows the differentiation between manifest and latent strabismus. The Lang test, Bagolini's test and the light red glass test provide information regarding quality of binocularity (abnormal and normal retinal correspondence). Estimation of changes in the angle of strabismus in the diagnostic gaze positions by corneal reflections, cover test and the limbus test of Kestenbaum is complemented by testing of the visual acuity and fixation. Without evaluation of fixation neither the cover test nor tests for binocularity can be interpreted adequately.
本文讨论了显性斜视、隐性斜视以及麻痹性斜视的基本检查技术。通常，病史可为斜视类型提供最初线索。检查始于对头位的评估。通过角膜反射和矫正性扫视（遮盖试验）来估计客观斜视角。去遮盖和遮盖试验可区分显性斜视和隐性斜视。兰氏试验、巴戈里尼氏试验和红色滤光片试验可提供有关双眼视质量（异常和正常视网膜对应）的信息。通过角膜反射、遮盖试验和凯斯滕鲍姆角膜缘试验对诊断注视位时斜视角度变化的估计，辅以视力和注视检查。若不评估注视情况，则无法充分解读遮盖试验和双眼视功能检查结果。
