Chen Wen-Shiang, Brayman Andrew A, Matula Thomas J, Crum Lawrence A
Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003 May;29(5):725-37. doi: 10.1016/s0301-5629(03)00013-9.
Gas-based contrast agents (CAs) increase ultrasound (US)-induced bioeffects, presumably via an inertial cavitation (IC) mechanism. The relationship between IC dose (ICD) (cumulated root mean squared [RMS] broadband noise amplitude; frequency domain) and 1.1-MHz US-induced hemolysis in whole human blood was explored with Optison; the hypothesis was that hemolysis would correlate with ICD. Four experimental series were conducted, with variable: 1. peak negative acoustic pressure (P-), 2. Optison concentration, 3. pulse duration and 4. total exposure duration and Optison concentration. P- thresholds for hemolysis and ICD were approximately 0.5 MPa. ICD and hemolysis were detected at Optison concentrations >/= 0.01 V%, and with pulse durations as low as four or two cycles, respectively. Hemolysis and ICD evolved as functions of time and Optison concentration; final hemolysis and ICD values depended on initial Optison concentration, but initial rates of change did not. Within series, hemolysis was significantly correlated with ICD; across series, the correlation was significant at p < 0.001.
基于气体的造影剂（CAs）可能通过惯性空化（IC）机制增加超声（US）诱导的生物效应。使用Optison研究了IC剂量（ICD）（累积均方根[RMS]宽带噪声幅度；频域）与1.1 MHz超声诱导的全血溶血之间的关系；假设溶血与ICD相关。进行了四个实验系列，变量分别为：1. 负声压峰值（P-），2. Optison浓度，3. 脉冲持续时间，4. 总暴露持续时间和Optison浓度。溶血和ICD的P-阈值约为0.5 MPa。分别在Optison浓度≥0.01 V%以及脉冲持续时间低至四个或两个周期时检测到ICD和溶血。溶血和ICD随时间和Optison浓度而变化；最终溶血和ICD值取决于初始Optison浓度，但初始变化率并非如此。在系列内，溶血与ICD显著相关；在系列间，相关性在p < 0.001时显著。
