Lavrova T F, Zhukov V M
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1975 Apr;68(4):46-52.
In men and in "masculine" shape of the abdomen as compared with women and "feminine" shape of the abdomen the following features of the topography of the anterior-lateral abdominal wall were revealed: a narrower white line, wider straight muscles of the abdomen in their medial and upper parts, less square surface of the lateral muscle-free portions. The inguinal region of men and the "musculine" type of the abdomen are characterized by great dimensions of the superficial and profound rings, weaker aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominal muscle in formation of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal. In elderly and senile age there occur dilatation of the white line, the increase of the amount of chinks and apertures in it as well as of the length of aponeuroses. The superficial inguinal ring expands.
与女性及腹部“女性化”形态相比，男性及腹部“男性化”形态的腹前外侧壁在体表形态上呈现出以下特征：白线较窄，腹直肌在其内侧和上部较宽，外侧无肌肉部分的方形表面较小。男性腹股沟区及腹部“男性化”类型的特点是浅环和深环尺寸较大，腹外斜肌在形成腹股沟管前壁时的腱膜较弱。在老年期，白线会出现扩张，其中的缝隙和孔的数量以及腱膜长度增加。腹股沟浅环扩大。
