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[犬瘟热病毒——一种寻找新宿主的病原体]

[Canine distemper virus--an agent looking for new hosts].

作者信息

Baumgärtner W, Alldinger S, Beineke A, Gröters S, Herden C, Kaim U, Müller G, Seeliger F, Van Moll P, Wohlsein P

机构信息

Institut für Pathologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover.

出版信息

Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2003 Apr;110(4):137-42.

Abstract

Canine distemper is caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), a RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The genus Morbillivirus includes measles virus, Rinderpest virus and peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. The host spectrum of CDV, which includes numerous families of Carnivores, has been changed in the last years and distemper-like diseases have been observed in numerous other species. These include epidemics in large felids, marine mammals and javelinas. Different viruses have been isolated from pinnipeds including a seal-specific isolate, termed phocine distemper virus 1, PDV-1, and a CDV strain, named PDV-2. Retrospective analysis of previous epidemics among marine mammals in various regions of the world provide evidence for the occurrence of so far unrecognized morbillivirus epidemics. In some including the mass mortalities of Baikal and Caspian seals and of large felids in the Serengeti, terrestrial carnivores including dogs and wolves have been suspected as a vector for the infectious agent. However, in other epidemics among marine mammals the source of infection remains unknown including both seal epidemics in northwestern Europe in 1988 and 2002. It remains to be determined whether a morbillivirus from other marine mammals or terrestrial carnivores caused the infection in this unprotected seal populations.

摘要

犬瘟热由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起,CDV是一种RNA病毒,属于副粘病毒科麻疹病毒属。麻疹病毒属包括麻疹病毒、牛瘟病毒和小反刍兽疫病毒。近年来,CDV的宿主谱发生了变化,其宿主包括众多食肉动物科,并且在许多其他物种中也观察到了类似犬瘟热的疾病。这些物种包括大型猫科动物、海洋哺乳动物和野猪的疫情。已从鳍足类动物中分离出不同的病毒,包括一种海豹特异性分离株,称为海豹瘟热病毒1(PDV-1),以及一种CDV毒株,命名为PDV-2。对世界各地区先前海洋哺乳动物疫情的回顾性分析为迄今未被认识的麻疹病毒疫情的发生提供了证据。在一些疫情中,包括贝加尔湖海豹和里海海豹的大量死亡以及塞伦盖蒂大型猫科动物的死亡,犬和狼等陆生食肉动物被怀疑是传染源的载体。然而,在其他海洋哺乳动物疫情中,感染源仍然未知,包括1988年和2002年在欧洲西北部发生的海豹疫情。尚需确定是来自其他海洋哺乳动物还是陆生食肉动物的麻疹病毒导致了这些未受保护的海豹种群的感染。

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