Enk C D, Gardlo K, Ruzicka T, BenEzra D
The Hadassah-Germany Skin Center, Department of Dermatology, The Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
Hautarzt. 2003 Jun;54(6):513-7. doi: 10.1007/s00105-003-0531-4. Epub 2003 Apr 18.
Onchocerciasis is an infestation caused by the nematode, Onchocerca volvulus, and characterized by eye manifestations, skin lesions and troublesome itching. Although partially controlled by international mass treatment programs, onchocerciasis remains a major health hazard in endemic areas in Africa, Arabia, and the Americas. Onchocerciasis is spread by bites from infested blackflies which transmit larvae that subsequently develop into adult filariae. Skin findings are commonly non-specific, and include severe pruritus, acute and chronic dermatitis, vitiligo-like hypopigmentation and atrophy. Onchocercal ocular disease has a large spectrum of manifestations and may even lead to blindness. Diagnosis is usually made by direct visualization of the larvae emerging from superficial skin biopsies, "skin snips". In some cases, the microfilariae can also be directly observed with a slit lamp when they migrate into the anterior chamber of the eye. Ivermectin is highly microfilaricidal, and is the current drug of choice for both skin and ocular manifestations.
盘尾丝虫病是由线虫盘尾丝虫引起的一种寄生虫感染，其特征为眼部病变、皮肤损害和严重瘙痒。尽管国际大规模治疗项目已对其进行了部分控制，但在非洲、阿拉伯半岛和美洲的流行地区，盘尾丝虫病仍然是一项重大的健康威胁。盘尾丝虫病通过受感染的蚋叮咬传播，蚋会传播幼虫，这些幼虫随后发育为成虫丝虫。皮肤表现通常不具有特异性，包括严重瘙痒、急慢性皮炎、白癜风样色素减退和萎缩。盘尾丝虫性眼病有多种表现，甚至可能导致失明。诊断通常通过直接观察从浅表皮肤活检（“皮肤切片”）中出现的幼虫来进行。在某些情况下，当微丝蚴迁移到眼前房时，也可以用裂隙灯直接观察到。伊维菌素具有高效杀微丝蚴作用，是目前治疗皮肤和眼部表现的首选药物。
