García-Godoy Franklin, García-Godoy Alexander, García-Godoy Franklin
Biomaterials Research Center, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Fla, USA.
J Dent Child (Chic). 2003 Jan-Apr;70(1):19-23.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Oral-B APF Minute-Foam on the surface roughness, hardness and morphology of high-viscosity glass-ionomer cements (GICs).
The GICs used were Fuji IX GP and Ketac-Molar. The controls were Vitremer resin-modified GIC and Fuji II conventional GIC. All materials were mixed to a restorative consistency. The encapsulated GICs were mixed with a Rotomix for 10 seconds. For each GIC, 14 specimens (6 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick) were made with a Teflon mold and a fresh mix for each sample. The specimens were allowed to set at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then stored in water at room temperature for 48 hours. Profilometry and microhardness measurements (Knoop) were obtained on the untreated specimens as baseline data. The specimens were then rinsed with water, gently air-dried and 1.23% APF Minute-Foam was applied for 1 minute with a brush, rinsed with water, gently air-dried, and hardness and roughness remeasured. In another set, similar measurements were obtained as before but after a 4 minute application of the APF foam. In a different set similar measurements were obtained as before but after a simulated 2-year application of the APF foam. The data were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA. The Student-Newman-Keuls method and Bonferroni tests (P=.05) were used for multiple comparisons of the means. The SEM was used to evaluate the APF effects on the surface micromorphology of the materials.
Foam application time had no statistically significant effect on the surface roughness of Ketac-Molar and Vitremer. Fuji IX GP showed that 1 and 4 minute applications had lower values than after 2 years. Fuji II revealed similar roughness for the control at 1 and 4 minutes, but higher values after 2 years. Fuji IX GP proved no significant difference in hardness after the different application times. Ketac-Molar demonstrated less hardness than the control at 1 and 4 minutes but higher after 2 years. Foam application time had no statistically significant effect on the surface hardness of Vitremer. Fuji II showed 1 minute had harder values than 4 minutes and 2 years; the control was harder than 2 years.
The SEM observations revealed that surface micromorphology was not significantly affected by the use of the Oral-B APF Minute-Foam. Treatment with the APF foam tested may be material dependent. It seems to be preferable to apply them for shorter times (1 minute versus 4 minutes) to reduce any adverse effect.
本研究旨在评估欧乐-B含氟防龋泡沫（Oral-B APF Minute-Foam）对高粘度玻璃离子水门汀（GICs）表面粗糙度、硬度及形态的影响。
所使用的GICs为Fuji IX GP和Ketac-Molar。对照材料为Vitremer树脂改良型GIC和Fuji II传统型GIC。所有材料均混合至修复体所需的稠度。将封装好的GICs用旋转混合器混合10秒。对于每种GIC，用聚四氟乙烯模具制作14个试件（直径6mm，厚3mm），每个样本使用新鲜调配的材料。试件在室温下放置15分钟，然后在室温水中储存48小时。对未处理的试件进行轮廓测定和显微硬度测量（努氏硬度），作为基线数据。然后将试件用水冲洗，轻轻吹干，用刷子涂抹1.23%的含氟防龋泡沫1分钟，再用水冲洗，轻轻吹干，重新测量硬度和粗糙度。在另一组实验中，在涂抹含氟防龋泡沫4分钟后进行与之前类似的测量。在另一组不同的实验中，在模拟使用含氟防龋泡沫2年后进行与之前类似的测量。使用方差分析对数据进行统计学分析。采用Student-Newman-Keuls法和Bonferroni检验（P = 0.05）对均值进行多重比较。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估含氟防龋泡沫对材料表面微观形态的影响。
泡沫涂抹时间对Ketac-Molar和Vitremer的表面粗糙度无统计学显著影响。Fuji IX GP显示，涂抹1分钟和4分钟后的表面粗糙度值低于2年后的。Fuji II显示，对照材料在1分钟和4分钟时粗糙度相似，但2年后的值更高。Fuji IX GP在不同涂抹时间后硬度无显著差异。Ketac-Molar在1分钟和4分钟时硬度低于对照材料，但2年后更高。泡沫涂抹时间对Vitremer的表面硬度无统计学显著影响。Fuji II显示，1分钟时的硬度值高于4分钟和2年后的；对照材料比2年后的更硬。
扫描电子显微镜观察显示，使用欧乐-B含氟防龋泡沫对表面微观形态无显著影响。所测试的含氟防龋泡沫处理可能因材料而异。似乎较短时间（1分钟与4分钟相比）涂抹可减少任何不良影响。
