Mandile Paola, Giuditta Antonio, Romano Fabio, Montagnese Paola, Piscopo Stefania, Cotugno Mario, Vescia Stefania
Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale e Ambientale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, Napoli 80134, Italy.
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2003 Jun;17(1):94-105. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00084-3.
Adult rats chronically implanted with supradural electrodes were telemetrically EEG recorded during a baseline session, a training session for a two-way active avoidance task, and a retention session. Rats were assigned to a fast learning (FL), slow learning (SL) and non learning (NL) group if they achieved criterion during the training session, the retention session, or in neither session. High-resolution EEG analyses indicated that intergroup differences were present in the low frequency range of waking baseline power spectra. Moreover, baseline delta emissions directly correlated with freezings, and inversely correlated with avoidances, while emissions at 7-10 Hz directly correlated with avoidances and inversely correlated with freezings. Interestingly, during the first training period, waking delta emission selectively increased in FL rats in concomitance with a marked performance improvement; instead, SL and NL rats displayed increments at 7-9 Hz. In addition, freezings scored during the first two training periods directly correlated with post-training waking emission at 2 Hz, and inversely correlated with emission at 7-10 Hz. Conversely, escapes and avoidances directly correlated with waking emission at 7-10 Hz. The data indicate that (i) waking baseline power spectra differ among behavioral groups, and correlate with behavioral performance the following day; (ii) selective modifications of waking power spectra occur in each behavioral group during training; and (iii) behavioral responses during training correlate with post-training waking power spectra. Notably, the delta increment selectively occurring in training FL rats is assumed to reflect online memory processing leading to better performance. The latter observation supports the primary involvement of delta waves in learning.
对长期植入硬膜上电极的成年大鼠，在基线期、双向主动回避任务训练期和记忆期进行遥测脑电图记录。根据大鼠在训练期、记忆期或两个阶段均未达到标准，将其分为快速学习（FL）组、慢速学习（SL）组和非学习（NL）组。高分辨率脑电图分析表明，清醒基线功率谱的低频范围内存在组间差异。此外，基线δ波发放与僵住直接相关，与回避呈负相关，而7 - 10Hz的发放与回避直接相关，与僵住呈负相关。有趣的是，在第一个训练期，FL组大鼠清醒时的δ波发放选择性增加，同时伴有显著的行为表现改善；相反，SL组和NL组大鼠在7 - 9Hz出现增加。此外，在前两个训练期记录的僵住与训练后清醒时2Hz的发放直接相关，与7 - 10Hz的发放呈负相关。相反，逃避和回避与清醒时7 - 10Hz的发放直接相关。数据表明：（i）清醒基线功率谱在行为组间存在差异，并与次日的行为表现相关；（ii）每个行为组在训练期间清醒功率谱发生选择性改变；（iii）训练期间的行为反应与训练后清醒功率谱相关。值得注意的是，训练的FL组大鼠中选择性出现的δ波增加被认为反映了导致更好表现的在线记忆处理。后一观察结果支持δ波在学习中的主要作用。
