Hemsley D R, Zawada S L
Br J Psychiatry. 1976 May;128:456-61. doi: 10.1192/bjp.128.5.456.
This study attempted to clarify the nature of dysfunction in the selective attention of schizophrenics. Within the framework of Broadbent's (1971) theory of information processing it was argued that 'filtering' inefficiency should be reflected in a reduction in the discrepancy in performance on a short-term memory task between the condition of pre-instruction as to the relevant material and that of post-instruction. Three groups of subjects, 10 schizophrenics, 10 depressives, and 10 normals, matched for age and intelligence were tested on such a task. While the overall performance of normal subjects was superior to that of both psychiatric groups, depressives and schizophrenics did not differ. The normal group also showed a significantly greater improvement with pre-instruction than the psychiatric groups; again, the schizophrenics and depressives did not differ significantly, though there was a tendency for schizophrenics to benefit less than depressives from pre-instruction. It appears that 'filtering' difficulties as here defined may not be specific to schizophrenia. Alternative conceptualizations of the cognitive abnormalities shown by schizophrenics, such as slowness of information processing and difficulties in response selection, may be more useful.
本研究试图阐明精神分裂症患者选择性注意力功能障碍的本质。在布罗德本特（1971）信息加工理论的框架内，有人认为“过滤”效率低下应表现为在关于相关材料的预指导条件和后指导条件下，短期记忆任务表现的差异减小。对三组年龄和智力匹配的受试者进行了此项任务测试，每组各10人，分别为10名精神分裂症患者、10名抑郁症患者和10名正常人。虽然正常受试者的总体表现优于两个精神疾病组，但抑郁症患者和精神分裂症患者之间没有差异。正常组在预指导后的改善也明显大于精神疾病组；同样，精神分裂症患者和抑郁症患者之间没有显著差异，不过精神分裂症患者从预指导中获益比抑郁症患者少，存在这样一种趋势。似乎这里所定义的“过滤”困难可能并非精神分裂症所特有。对精神分裂症患者所表现出的认知异常的其他概念化解释，如信息加工缓慢和反应选择困难，可能更有用。
