Soderlund D M, Knipple D C
Department of Entomology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.
Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Jun;33(6):563-77. doi: 10.1016/s0965-1748(03)00023-7.
The term "knockdown resistance" is used to describe cases of resistance to diphenylethane (e.g. DDT) and pyrethroid insecticides in insects and other arthropods that result from reduced sensitivity of the nervous system. Knockdown resistance, first identified and characterized in the house fly (Musca domestica) in the 1950's, remains a threat to the continued usefulness of pyrethroids in the control of many pest species. Research since 1990 has provided a wealth of new information on the molecular basis of knockdown resistance. This paper reviews these recent developments with emphasis on the results of genetic linkage analyses, the identification of gene mutations associated with knockdown resistance, and the functional characterization of resistance-associated mutations. Results of these studies identify voltage-sensitive sodium channel genes orthologous to the para gene of Drosophila melanogaster as the site of multiple knockdown resistance mutations and define the molecular mechanisms by which these mutations cause pyrethroid resistance. These results also provide new insight into the mechanisms by which pyrethroids modify the function of voltage-sensitive sodium channels.
“击倒抗性”一词用于描述昆虫和其他节肢动物对二苯乙烷（如滴滴涕）和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的情况，这种抗性是由神经系统敏感性降低所致。击倒抗性最早于20世纪50年代在家蝇（家蝇属）中被发现和表征，至今仍是拟除虫菊酯类在控制许多害虫物种方面持续发挥作用的一大威胁。自1990年以来的研究提供了大量关于击倒抗性分子基础的新信息。本文综述了这些最新进展，重点关注遗传连锁分析结果、与击倒抗性相关的基因突变鉴定以及抗性相关突变的功能表征。这些研究结果确定了与黑腹果蝇para基因直系同源的电压敏感钠通道基因是多个击倒抗性突变的位点，并明确了这些突变导致拟除虫菊酯抗性的分子机制。这些结果还为拟除虫菊酯改变电压敏感钠通道功能的机制提供了新的见解。
