Adler Nancy E, Ozer Emily J, Tschann Jeanne
Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Box 0844, San Francisco, CA 94143-0844, USA.
Am Psychol. 2003 Mar;58(3):211-7. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.58.3.211.
In most countries, adolescents' access to abortion is limited by restrictions on legal abortion. Abortion is legal in the United States, but many states require parental consent or notification. Legislation mandating parental consent has been justified by several assumptions, including high risk of psychological harm from abortion, adolescents' inability to make an adequately informed decision, and benefits of parental involvement. Empirical data raise questions about the first 2 assumptions: Studies suggest a relatively low risk associated with abortion, and adolescents seeking abortion appear to make an informed choice. Less is known about effects of parental involvement. The authors review available research and discuss policy debates over parental consent in the United States and the international context.
在大多数国家，青少年获得堕胎服务受到合法堕胎限制的制约。堕胎在美国是合法的，但许多州要求父母同意或通知父母。要求父母同意的立法基于若干假设，包括堕胎会造成心理伤害的高风险、青少年无能力做出充分知情的决定以及父母参与的益处。实证数据对前两个假设提出了质疑：研究表明堕胎相关风险相对较低，寻求堕胎的青少年似乎能做出明智的选择。关于父母参与的影响了解较少。作者回顾了现有研究，并讨论了美国及国际背景下围绕父母同意的政策辩论。
