喂食日式饮食的盐负荷易卒中型自发性高血压大鼠主动脉的组织形态计量学、生化及超微结构变化

Histomorphometric, biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the aorta of salt-loaded stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats fed a Japanese-style diet.

作者信息

Baccarani Contri M, Taparelli F, Miselli M, Bacchelli B, Biagini G

机构信息

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of General Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy.

出版信息

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2003 Feb;13(1):37-45. doi: 10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80166-7.

DOI:10.1016/s0939-4753(03)80166-7

PMID:12772436

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIM

It is demonstrated that dietary habits play a role in cardiovascular diseases. In stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp), concomitant salt loading and a Japanese-style diet greatly accelerate hypertension and the appearance of cerebrovascular lesions by directly damaging arterial vessels. A number of studies have characterised medium and small vessel lesions in SHRsp, but little attention has been paid to the changes in the wall structure of large arteries induced by exposure to a salt-enriched diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a Japanese-style diet and salt loading on the thoracic aorta.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Two-month-old SHRsp were kept on a Japanese-style diet with 1% sodium chloride solution replacing tap water. Two months later, they were sacrificed and compared with age-matched or two-month-old control SHRsp kept on a standard diet and tap water in terms of the histomorphometry, ultrastructure and biochemical composition of the thoracic aorta. The vessel was consistently thicker in the four-month-old SHRsp (+20%, p < 0.05 vs two-month-old rats) regardless of diet. The salt-loaded SHRsp showed a significant reduction in elastic fibre density (-20%, p < 0.05 vs two-month-old rats) and an increase in the other matrix components (%), whereas the four-month-old controls showed preserved elastic fibres and a significant increase in the other matrix components (+65%, p < 0.05 vs two-month-old rats). There was a considerable increase in the amounts of 4-OH-proline (+147%), 5-OH-lysine (+174%) and desmosines (+360%) in the four-month-old controls vs their two-month-old counterparts (p < 0.01), but not in the salt-loaded animals. Ultrastructural analysis revealed clear damage and accelerated aging in the thoracic aorta of the salt-loaded SHRsp.

CONCLUSIONS

Salt loading and a Japanese-style diet destabilize thoracic aorta architecture in SHRsp after two months of treatment.

摘要

背景与目的

已证实饮食习惯在心血管疾病中起作用。在易中风自发性高血压大鼠（SHRsp）中，同时给予高盐饮食和日式饮食会通过直接损害动脉血管，极大地加速高血压的发展以及脑血管病变的出现。许多研究已对SHRsp中小血管病变进行了特征描述，但对于高盐饮食导致的大动脉壁结构变化关注较少。本研究的目的是探讨日式饮食和高盐饮食对胸主动脉的影响。

方法与结果

将2月龄的SHRsp给予日式饮食，并用1%氯化钠溶液替代自来水。两个月后，将它们处死，并在胸主动脉的组织形态计量学、超微结构和生化组成方面，与年龄匹配的或2月龄的、给予标准饮食和自来水的对照SHRsp进行比较。无论饮食如何，4月龄的SHRsp血管始终更厚（增加20%，与2月龄大鼠相比，p<0.05）。高盐饮食的SHRsp弹性纤维密度显著降低（降低20%，与2月龄大鼠相比，p<0.05），而其他基质成分增加，而4月龄对照组弹性纤维保存完好，其他基质成分显著增加（增加65%，与2月龄大鼠相比，p<0.05）。与2月龄对照组相比，4月龄对照组中4-羟基脯氨酸（增加147%）、5-羟基赖氨酸（增加174%）和锁链素（增加360%）的含量显著增加（p<0.01），但高盐饮食组动物中未出现这种情况。超微结构分析显示，高盐饮食的SHRsp胸主动脉有明显损伤且衰老加速。