Apolinarska Barbara
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
J Appl Genet. 2003;44(2):119-28.
In tetraploid rye with single-substitution wheat chromosomes - 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 5B, 7B - chromosome pairing was analysed at metaphase I in PMCs with the C-banding method. The frequency of univalents of chromosome 1A was considerably higher than that of the other four wheat chromosomes of genome A (6A, 5A, 7A and 2A). Among chromosomes of genome B, the lowest mean frequency of univalents was observed for chromosome 5B. In monosomic lines, wheat chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A and 5B paired with rye homoeologues most often in rod bivalents and in chain quadrivalents (also including 3B). The 47% pairing of 5B-5R chromosomes indicate that the rye genomes block the suppressor Ph1 gene activity. In monosomic plants with chromosomes 5A, 2A, 6A, 7A and 5B, a low frequency of rye univalents was observed. It was also found that the wheat chromosomes influenced the pairing of rye genome chromosomes, as well as the frequency of ring and rod bivalents and tri- and quadrivalents. However, the highest number of terminal chiasmata per chromosome occurred in the presence of chromosomes 5A and 2A, and the lowest - in the presence of chromosomes 3B and 7B. In the presence of chromosome 5B, the highest frequency of bivalents was observed. The results of the present study show that the rye genome is closer related to the wheat genome A of than to genome B. The high pairing of wheat-rye chromosomes, which occurs in tetraploid rye with substitution wheat chromosomes, indicates that there is a high probability of incorporating wheat chromosome segments into rye chromosomes.
在具有单个小麦染色体替代系（1A、2A、5A、6A、7A、3B、5B、7B）的四倍体黑麦中，采用C带法在减数第一次分裂中期对花粉母细胞（PMC）中的染色体配对进行了分析。1A染色体单价体的频率明显高于基因组A的其他四条小麦染色体（6A、5A、7A和2A）。在B基因组染色体中，5B染色体的单价体平均频率最低。在单体系中，小麦染色体1A、2A、5A、6A、7A和5B（也包括3B）与黑麦同源染色体最常配对形成棒状二价体和链式四价体。5B - 5R染色体47%的配对表明黑麦基因组阻断了抑制基因Ph1的活性。在具有5A、2A、6A、7A和5B染色体的单体植株中，观察到黑麦单价体的频率较低。还发现小麦染色体影响黑麦基因组染色体的配对，以及环状和棒状二价体、三价体和四价体的频率。然而，每条染色体末端交叉的最高数量出现在有5A和2A染色体的情况下，最低数量出现在有3B和7B染色体的情况下。在有5B染色体的情况下，观察到二价体的频率最高。本研究结果表明，黑麦基因组与小麦基因组A的关系比与基因组B的关系更密切。在具有替代小麦染色体的四倍体黑麦中发生的小麦 - 黑麦染色体的高配对表明，将小麦染色体片段整合到黑麦染色体中的可能性很高。
