Vahteristo L, Lyytikäinen T, Venäläinen E-R, Eskola M, Lindfors E, Pohjanvirta R, Maijala R
Department of Risk Assessment, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Food Addit Contam. 2003 May;20(5):453-63. doi: 10.1080/0265203031000094636.
Although the average cadmium intake in Finland is about 10 microg day(-1), some risk groups can be identified. This study assessed cadmium intake from the consumption of moose meat, liver and kidneys by moose hunters. Consumption data from a postal questionnaire were combined with a representative database on moose cadmium concentrations. Cadmium intakes were calculated as point estimates for all respondents (n = 711), for those consuming moose meat, liver and/or kidneys, and for the highest decile of those. Probabilistic modelling using the Monte Carlo technique was used to simulate the distribution of dietary cadmium exposure. Of the respondents, 69% consumed moose liver and only 23% moose kidneys. The consumption of moose liver or kidneys significantly increased cadmium intake, whereas moose meat (median consumption 17 kg year(-1) person(-1)) contributed only slightly (0.16 microg day(-1) person(-1)) to the daily total cadmium intake. In the simulation, 10% of the moose hunters had an intake of > 8.76 microg day(-1) (14.6% of PTWI for a 60-kg person) from moose. Point estimates provided only a partial understanding of the potential exposure. Simulated distributions of intake were more useful in characterizing exposure. The study revealed that heavy users of moose organs have a relatively narrow safety margin from the levels of cadmium probably causing adverse health effects.
尽管芬兰的镉平均摄入量约为10微克/天，但仍可识别出一些风险群体。本研究评估了驼鹿猎人通过食用驼鹿肉、肝脏和肾脏的镉摄入量。邮政问卷调查的消费数据与驼鹿镉浓度的代表性数据库相结合。计算了所有受访者（n = 711）、食用驼鹿肉、肝脏和/或肾脏的受访者以及摄入量最高的十分之一受访者的镉摄入量点估计值。使用蒙特卡罗技术进行概率建模，以模拟膳食镉暴露的分布。在受访者中，69%食用驼鹿肝脏，只有23%食用驼鹿肾脏。食用驼鹿肝脏或肾脏显著增加了镉摄入量，而驼鹿肉（人均年消费量中位数为17千克）对每日总镉摄入量的贡献仅为轻微（0.16微克/天·人）。在模拟中，10%的驼鹿猎人因食用驼鹿而摄入量> 8.76微克/天（对于60千克的人，为PTWI的14.6%）。点估计仅提供了对潜在暴露的部分理解。模拟的摄入量分布在表征暴露方面更有用。该研究表明，大量食用驼鹿器官的人，与可能导致健康不良影响的镉水平相比，安全边际相对较窄。
