Höbel Gerlinde, Gerhardt H Carl
Abteilung Neurobiologie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
Evolution. 2003 Apr;57(4):894-904. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00300.x.
Interactions between species can affect the evolution of their sexual signals, receiver selectivity, or both. One commonly expected outcome is reproductive character displacement, whereby adverse consequences of mismating select for greater differentiation of communication systems in areas of sympatry than in areas of allopatry. We found evidence of reproductive character displacement in the acoustic communication system of green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea). The strength of female preferences for the spectral properties of calls that distinguish conspecific calls from those of a closely related congener, H. gratiosa, was greater in areas of sympatry with H. gratiosa than in areas of allopatry. We also found subtle differences in advertisement calls and in the heights of male calling perches when we restricted our comparisons to localities in which H. gratiosa was also breeding (syntopy) with localities where this species was absent. Hyla cinerea and H. gratiosa show only weak genetic incompatibility, but the calls representative of interspecific hybrids were unattractive to females of both parental species. Hybrids might also be at an ecological disadvantages because of different habitat preferences of the two taxa. Thus, selection against production of less fit or less attractive hybrid or backcross offspring are probably the main causes responsible for the differences documented in this paper.
物种间的相互作用会影响其性信号、接收者选择性或两者的进化。一个普遍预期的结果是生殖特征取代，即错配的不利后果会促使同域分布区域内的通讯系统比异域分布区域内的通讯系统有更大程度的分化。我们在绿树蛙（Hyla cinerea）的声学通讯系统中发现了生殖特征取代的证据。在与格氏雨蛙（H. gratiosa）同域分布的区域，雌性对能够区分同种叫声和近缘物种格氏雨蛙叫声频谱特性的叫声的偏好强度，比在异域分布区域更强。当我们将比较局限于格氏雨蛙也在繁殖的地点（同域分布）和该物种不存在的地点时，我们还发现了广告叫声以及雄性鸣叫栖木高度的细微差异。绿树蛙和格氏雨蛙仅表现出较弱的遗传不相容性，但种间杂种代表性的叫声对两个亲本物种的雌性都没有吸引力。由于两个分类群的栖息地偏好不同，杂种可能在生态上也处于劣势。因此，针对产生适应性较差或吸引力较低的杂种或回交后代的选择，可能是造成本文所记录差异的主要原因。
