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用于水质管理的污水排放权交易:概念及在切萨皮克湾流域的应用

Effluent trading for water quality management: concept and application to the Chesapeake Bay watershed.

作者信息

Nishizawa Eiichiro

机构信息

Faculty of Economics, Hosei University, Aihara 4342, Machida, 194-0298, Tokyo, Japan.

出版信息

Mar Pollut Bull. 2003;47(1-6):169-74. doi: 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00408-3.

Abstract

This paper examines the present and potential role of effluent trading in water quality management. In particular, it focuses upon the case of the Chesapeake Bay on the east coast of the US, where the implementation of a trading system has been discussed and undertaken. Potential benefits of effluent trading include advantages such as the following: (1) With appropriate monitoring and enforcement, the total pollutant loadings can be kept at or below the prespecified level. (2) New and expanding dischargers can be accommodated, as long as they purchase credits. (3) Abatement costs of pollutants can be reduced. (4) Flexible regulations incorporating trading can reduce the incentive for industries to relocate to areas with less stringent water quality regulation. (5) Broader environmental goals can be addressed, such as wildlife habitat provision and endangered species protection. (6) Preliminary studies with a view to trading-system implementation encourage discussion and dialogue among stakeholders, and positively foster concerted, holistic solutions for maintenance of water bodies.

摘要

本文探讨了污水排放权交易在水质管理中的现状及潜在作用。具体而言,重点关注美国东海岸切萨皮克湾的情况,该地区已对交易系统的实施进行了讨论并付诸实践。污水排放权交易的潜在益处包括以下几点:(1)通过适当的监测和执法,可将污染物总排放量控制在规定水平或以下。(2)只要购买排放权信用额度,新的和规模扩大的排放者就能得到接纳。(3)可降低污染物减排成本。(4)纳入交易机制的灵活监管可减少企业向水质监管较宽松地区迁移的动机。(5)能够实现更广泛的环境目标,如提供野生动物栖息地和保护濒危物种。(6)为实施交易系统而进行的初步研究鼓励利益相关者之间展开讨论与对话,并积极推动为维护水体而采取协调一致的整体解决方案。

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