Weizmann-Henelius Ghitta, Viemerö Vappu, Eronen Markku
Vanha Vaasa Hospital, P.O. Box 13, FIN-65381 Vaasa, Finland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2003 May 5;133(3):197-203. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00068-9.
The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between violent female offenders and their victims as well as the putative differences in the motives and specific psychological factors among three groups of female offenders: women who have victimised someone closely related to them, those who have victimised an acquaintance and lastly women who have victimised a stranger. More than half (N=61) of all violent female offenders hospitalised or incarcerated in Finland during the year of study were interviewed and assessed by Structured Clinical Interview II for DSM-IV (SCID-II) and Hare's Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). In 34% of the cases the victims were persons close to the offender, in 41% the victims were acquaintances and in 25% strangers. The victims in homicide offences were more often both male and closer to the perpetrator than in assault offences. Although motives were related to interpersonal problems, self-defence and long-term physical or psychological abuse were reported by only a few women, even for the small proportion of women whose victims were intimate partners. The most frequent reason for offences stemmed from confrontational situations in connection with alcohol use. Women who victimised acquaintances and strangers were also more likely to have a history of criminality and substance abuse than women who victimised those in close personal relationships. The latter were also more likely to have an antisocial personality disorder (PD) and psychopathic characteristics. There were, however, no significant differences found between those who had experienced physical or psychological abuse in childhood or adulthood and those who had no adverse experiences. These findings suggest that the violent behaviour by females leads more often to the death of the victim, when the victim is closely related to the perpetrator. The commonly-held view that violent female offending occurs primarily as a consequence of precipitation by the victim was not supported.
本研究的目的是考察女性暴力犯罪者与其受害者之间的关系，以及三组女性犯罪者在动机和特定心理因素方面的假定差异：侵害与自己关系密切之人的女性、侵害熟人的女性以及侵害陌生人的女性。在研究当年芬兰住院或被监禁的所有女性暴力犯罪者中，超过半数（N = 61）接受了针对《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）的结构化临床访谈II（SCID-II）和哈雷修订版精神病态量表（PCL-R）的访谈与评估。在34%的案例中，受害者是犯罪者的亲近之人，41%的案例中受害者是熟人，25%的案例中受害者是陌生人。与袭击犯罪相比，杀人犯罪的受害者更常为男性且与犯罪者关系更为亲近。尽管动机与人际问题相关，但只有少数女性报告称是出于自卫或长期遭受身体或心理虐待，即使是在受害者为亲密伴侣的女性中这一比例也很小。犯罪最常见的原因源于与饮酒相关的冲突情境。与侵害亲密关系之人的女性相比，侵害熟人和陌生人的女性也更有可能有犯罪史和药物滥用史。后者也更有可能患有反社会人格障碍（PD）和具有精神病态特征。然而，在童年或成年期经历过身体或心理虐待的女性与没有不良经历的女性之间未发现显著差异。这些发现表明，当受害者与犯罪者关系密切时，女性暴力行为更常导致受害者死亡。女性暴力犯罪主要是由受害者引发这一普遍观点未得到支持。
