Eşel Ertuğrul
Erciyes U. Tip Fak., Psikiyatri AD. Kayseri.
Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2003 Spring;14(1):60-71.
The early detection of individuals at high risk for the future development of alcohol dependence and the identification of trait markers for alcoholism may be useful for taking necessary measures to protect the individuals from alcoholism, for enlightening the aetiology of the illness, and even for the development of the new treatment methods. This paper reviews in detail the results of studies of trait markers in alcoholism, which have intensified particularly in recent years. Some data of the investigations indicate that a trait marker for alcoholism or a subgroup of alcohol-dependent patients may be developed: with abnormal adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, reduced monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis abnormalities, b-endorphin abnormalities, reduced amplitude of P300 event-related potential, D2 receptor down-regulation, and decreased sensitivity to alcohol challenge as risk factors; and abnormal aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns as a protective factor. The review concludes that although a comprehensive trait marker for alcoholism has not yet been identified, one can hope for the identification of some consistent biological markers in a subgroup of alcohol dependents over the course of time.
早期发现未来有酒精依赖发展高风险的个体以及识别酒精中毒的特质标记，可能有助于采取必要措施保护个体免受酒精中毒影响，有助于阐明该疾病的病因，甚至有助于开发新的治疗方法。本文详细综述了近年来尤其受到关注的酒精中毒特质标记的研究结果。一些调查数据表明，可能会开发出酒精中毒或酒精依赖患者亚组的特质标记：以异常的腺苷酸环化酶（AC）活性、降低的单胺氧化酶（MAO）水平、下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴异常、β - 内啡肽异常、P300事件相关电位幅度降低、D2受体下调以及对酒精激发的敏感性降低作为危险因素；以及异常的醛脱氢酶同工酶模式作为保护因素。综述得出结论，尽管尚未确定酒精中毒的综合特质标记，但人们有望在一段时间内识别出酒精依赖者亚组中的一些一致的生物学标记。
