Crum Joshua A, LaPrade Robert F, Wentorf Fred A
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Orthop Res. 2003 Jul;21(4):723-9. doi: 10.1016/S0736-0266(02)00250-4.
The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the rabbit knee to serve as a basis for future in vitro and in vivo posterolateral knee biomechanical and injury studies. Twelve nonpaired fresh-frozen New Zealand white rabbit knees were dissected to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral corner. The following main structures were consistently identified in the rabbit posterolateral knee: the gastrocnemius muscles, biceps femoris muscle, popliteus muscle and tendon, fibular collateral ligament, posterior capsule, ligament of Wrisberg, and posterior meniscotibial ligament. The fibular collateral ligament was within the joint capsule and attached to the femur at the lateral epicondyle and to the fibula at the midportion of the fibular head. The popliteus muscle attached to the medial edge of the posterior tibia and ascended proximally to give rise to the popliteus tendon, which inserted on the proximal aspect of the popliteal sulcus just anterior to the fibular collateral ligament. The biceps femoris had no attachment to the fibula and attached to the anterior compartment fascia of the leg. This study increased our understanding of these structures and their relationships to comparative anatomy in the human knee. This knowledge of the rabbit's posterolateral knee anatomy is important to understand for biomechanical and surgical studies which utilize the rabbit knee as a model for human posterolateral knee injuries.
本研究的目的是确定兔膝关节后外侧的解剖结构，为未来膝关节后外侧的体外和体内生物力学及损伤研究提供依据。解剖了12个非配对的新鲜冷冻新西兰白兔膝关节，以确定后外侧角的解剖结构。在兔膝关节后外侧始终能识别出以下主要结构：腓肠肌、股二头肌、腘肌及其肌腱、腓侧副韧带、后关节囊、Wrisberg韧带和后半月板胫骨韧带。腓侧副韧带位于关节囊内，在股骨外侧髁附着于股骨，在腓骨头中部附着于腓骨。腘肌附着于胫骨后部内侧缘，向近端上行形成腘肌腱，该肌腱插入腓侧副韧带前方腘肌沟的近端。股二头肌不附着于腓骨，而是附着于小腿前侧筋膜。本研究增进了我们对这些结构及其与人类膝关节比较解剖学关系的理解。了解兔膝关节后外侧解剖结构对于利用兔膝关节作为人类膝关节后外侧损伤模型的生物力学和外科研究非常重要。
