Etchells Edward, O'Neill Catherine, Bernstein Mark
Patient Safety Service, Sunnybrook and Womens' College Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room C410, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
World J Surg. 2003 Aug;27(8):936-41; discussion 941-2. doi: 10.1007/s00268-003-7097-2. Epub 2003 Jun 10.
Error in medicine is becoming a well recognized phenomenon. The U.S. Institute of Medicine's publication in 1999 included estimations that medical error is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States and results in up to 100,000 deaths annually. Retrospective studies and a few prospective studies are shedding more light on this challenging problem. Strategies to reduce error and increase patient safety have not been widely developed or embraced by surgeons for a variety of reasons. We provide a review on patient safety aimed at surgeons that includes definitions, incidence of errors including those in the surgical literature, causes of error, methods of error detection, and strategies to minimize errors and maximize patient safety.
医学中的差错正成为一种广为人知的现象。美国医学研究所1999年发表的报告估计，医疗差错是美国第八大死因，每年导致多达10万例死亡。回顾性研究和一些前瞻性研究正在让人们更清楚地了解这个具有挑战性的问题。由于种种原因，减少差错和提高患者安全的策略尚未得到外科医生的广泛制定和采用。我们针对外科医生提供了一篇关于患者安全的综述，内容包括定义、差错发生率（包括外科文献中的差错）、差错原因、差错检测方法以及将差错降至最低并最大化患者安全的策略。
