Cooke Dylan F, Graziano Michael S A
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
J Neurophysiol. 2003 Nov;90(5):3317-29. doi: 10.1152/jn.00513.2003. Epub 2003 Jun 11.
Electrical stimulation of two connected cortical areas in the monkey brain, the ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the intraparietal sulcus and the polysensory zone (PZ) in the precentral gyrus, evokes a specific set of movements. In one interpretation, these movements correspond to those typically used to defend the body from objects that are near, approaching, or touching the skin. The present study examined the movements evoked by a puff of air aimed at various locations on the face and body of fascicularis monkeys to compare them to the movements evoked by stimulation of VIP and PZ. The air-puff-evoked movements included a movement of the eyes from any initial position toward a central region and a variety of stereotyped facial, shoulder, head, and arm movements. These movements were similar to those reported on stimulation of VIP and PZ. One difference between the air-puff-evoked movements and those evoked by stimulation of VIP and PZ is that the air puff evoked an initial startle response (a bilaterally symmetric spike in muscle activity) followed by a more sustained, lateralized response, specific to the site of the air puff. In contrast, stimulation of VIP and PZ evoked mainly a sustained, lateralized response, specific to the site of the receptive fields of the stimulated neurons. We speculate that VIP and PZ may contribute to the control of defensive movements, but that they may emphasize the more spatially specific reactions that occur after startle.
对猕猴大脑中两个相连的皮质区域进行电刺激，即顶内沟的腹侧顶内区（VIP）和中央前回的多感觉区（PZ），会引发一组特定的运动。有一种解释认为，这些运动与通常用于保护身体免受靠近、接近或触碰皮肤的物体侵害的运动相对应。本研究检测了向食蟹猴面部和身体的不同位置吹气所引发的运动，以便将其与刺激VIP和PZ所引发的运动进行比较。吹气引发的运动包括眼睛从任何初始位置移向中央区域，以及各种刻板的面部、肩部、头部和手臂运动。这些运动与刺激VIP和PZ时所报告的运动相似。吹气引发的运动与刺激VIP和PZ所引发的运动之间的一个区别在于，吹气会引发一个初始的惊吓反应（肌肉活动中双侧对称的尖峰），随后是一个更持续、偏向一侧的反应，该反应特定于吹气的部位。相比之下，刺激VIP和PZ主要引发一个持续的、偏向一侧的反应，该反应特定于被刺激神经元感受野的部位。我们推测，VIP和PZ可能有助于控制防御性运动，但它们可能更强调惊吓后发生的空间特异性更强的反应。
