Winick B J
School of Law, University of Miami, Post Office Box 248087, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-8087, USA.
Psychol Public Policy Law. 1995 Mar;1(1):6-42.
In addition to labeling people as mentally ill, the law often labels them as incompetent to exercise certain rights or to play particular roles. Indeed, under the broad dicta of Zinermon v. Burch, incompetency labeling may increase dramatically. This article uses principles of social and cognitive psychology to examine the effects of incompetency labeling. Such labeling is shown to produce potentially serious adverse effects. It often alters the way others view and react to the labeled individual and affects his or her self-esteem and self-concept in ways that may inhibit performance, diminish motivation, and depress mood. After analyzing those negative side effects of incompetency labeling, the article examines the implications of these findings for mental health law and makes a number of proposals for changing the law in order to avoid or minimize these adverse effects.
除了将人们贴上精神疾病的标签外，法律还常常将他们标记为无能力行使某些权利或扮演特定角色。事实上，根据津纳蒙诉伯奇案的宽泛判决理由，无能力标签的使用可能会大幅增加。本文运用社会心理学和认知心理学原理来研究无能力标签的影响。结果表明，这种标签会产生潜在的严重负面影响。它常常会改变他人看待被贴标签者以及对其作出反应的方式，并且会以可能抑制表现、削弱动机和降低情绪的方式影响其自尊和自我概念。在分析了无能力标签的这些负面副作用之后，本文探讨了这些研究结果对精神卫生法的影响，并提出了一些修改法律的建议，以避免或尽量减少这些不利影响。
