Cros Anne-Marie, Hervé Yann
Département d'anesthésie-réanimation IV Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants 33076 Bordeaux.
Rev Prat. 2003 May 1;53(9):985-8.
Laryngeal dyspnea is a life-threatening emergency situation. The diagnosis is clinical and made from the association of: inspiratory bradypnea, intercostal and sus-sternal inspiratory depression, with or without stridor. The aetiologies are most often laryngeal tumours or inflammatory oedema; incidence of epiglottitis has decreased due to vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae. Airway obstruction due to foreign body includes acute laryngeal dyspnea and reflex paroxysmal coughing without fever. Management of a laryngeal dyspnea depends on the aetiology and the severity of clinical symptoms. Medical treatment associates racemic epinephrine aerosol, steroids, and oxygenation. In the presence of severe dyspnea, intubation after anaesthetising the patient and positive pressure ventilation is required.
喉性呼吸困难是一种危及生命的紧急情况。诊断基于临床症状，由以下表现综合判断：吸气性呼吸过缓、肋间及胸骨上窝吸气性凹陷，可伴有或不伴有喘鸣。病因多为喉部肿瘤或炎性水肿；由于流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的使用，会厌炎的发病率已有所下降。异物导致的气道阻塞包括急性喉性呼吸困难和无发热的反射性阵发性咳嗽。喉性呼吸困难的治疗取决于病因及临床症状的严重程度。药物治疗联合使用消旋肾上腺素气雾剂、类固醇和给氧。出现严重呼吸困难时，需在对患者进行麻醉后插管并进行正压通气。
