Kalina-Faska Barbara, Januszek-Trzciakowska Aleksandra, Kalina Maria, Koehler Brygida
Endokrynol Diabetol Chor Przemiany Materii Wieku Rozw. 2002;8(1):35-40.
Ultrasound examination is applied in the objective evaluation of size of scrotal structures as well as in diagnosing focal and inflammatory lesions in testes and epididymis.
The aim of our study is to point out the necessity and significance of the ultrasound in diagnostics of abnormalities within the scrotum in boys.
The examination included 180 boys, aged 2-17 years, referred because of gynecomastia (70), cryptorchism (45), precocious puberty (11), palpable thickenings of the spermatic cord (30) and asymmetry of testicular size (24). Ultrasound examination was carried out with Acuson 128 XP, linear transducer 7.5 MHz, along with color flow Doppler (and/or Sequoia, linear transducer 8-15 MHz).
Testes in the inguinal canals at different levels were visualised in all boys with unilateral or bilateral cryptorchism. Varicocele were seen in 19 boys with gynecomastia, epididymal cysts in 10, microlithiasis in 3 cases. Testicular volume in boys with precocious puberty exceeded 2 SD, additionally there was microlithiasis in one patient, in 2 patients varicocele and in one boy tumor was found (Leydig's cell tumor). Varices were left-sided in 95% boys with varicocele, in 5% they were bilateral at different stage. Additionally in one patient hygroma of the spermatic cord was found. Asymmetry of testicular size was caused by hydrocele in 16 patients and varicocele in 8 cases.
Ultrasound is supplementary to the physical examination of testes, and in many cases it enables to reveal lesions inaccessible in the clinical examination. Considering its non-invasive character and high-resolution, ultrasound is a useful imaging method of the scrotal structure in children.
超声检查可用于客观评估阴囊结构的大小，以及诊断睾丸和附睾的局灶性病变及炎性病变。
本研究旨在指出超声检查在诊断男孩阴囊内异常情况中的必要性和重要性。
检查对象包括180名年龄在2至17岁的男孩，他们因男性乳房发育（70例）、隐睾症（45例）、性早熟（11例）、精索可触及增厚（30例）和睾丸大小不对称（24例）前来就诊。使用Acuson 128 XP超声诊断仪，配备7.5 MHz线性探头，同时使用彩色多普勒（和/或Sequoia超声诊断仪，8 - 15 MHz线性探头）进行超声检查。
在所有单侧或双侧隐睾症男孩中均观察到不同水平腹股沟管内的睾丸。19例男性乳房发育男孩中发现精索静脉曲张，10例发现附睾囊肿，3例发现微结石症。性早熟男孩的睾丸体积超过2个标准差，此外，1例患者存在微结石症，2例患者有精索静脉曲张，1名男孩发现肿瘤（睾丸间质细胞瘤）。精索静脉曲张男孩中95%为左侧，5%为不同阶段的双侧病变。另外，1例患者发现精索鞘膜积液。16例患者睾丸大小不对称是由鞘膜积液引起，8例是由精索静脉曲张引起。
超声检查是睾丸体格检查的补充手段，在许多情况下能够发现临床检查难以察觉的病变。鉴于其无创性和高分辨率，超声是儿童阴囊结构的一种有用的成像方法。
