Ulijaszek Stanley J
School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6QS, United Kingdom.
Am J Hum Biol. 2003 Jul-Aug;15(4):472-8. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.10186.
In traditional economies, body size, physical work capacity, subsistence productivity, and nutrition of adults may be interrelated, and one cross-generational effect of these relationships may operate through the household, influencing nutritional status of children. In this analysis, the relationships among adult body size, work productivity in terms of time spent making sago starch, dietary diversity, nutrient availability, and childhood nutritional status are examined in the Purari population of Papua New Guinea, a group largely dependent on the starchy staple palm sago, which is devoid of all nutrients apart from energy. Observations of work scheduling, household food and nutrient availability, and nutritional status were carried out for 16 women, their households, and their children. A multiple regression model of hours spent in sago making on a particular day with days spent in other subsistence activities showed a negative relationship with the number of days spent in sago-making and a positive relationship with the number of days spent fishing. The number of hours spent in sago-making on a particular day was also positively related to daily per capita availability of protein at the household level. This is not a function of maternal nutritional status, however, since there is no association between body size of adult females and the number of hours spent making sago on a particular day. Nor does the greater per capita protein availability at the household level in households where women spend longer on a particular day in sago-making result in improved childhood nutritional status. Since relationships among adult body size, work productivity, dietary diversity, nutrient availability, and childhood nutritional status are only partially demonstrated in this population, it may be that these linkages may only be important if physically arduous work is needed more consistently than is the case in the Purari delta.
在传统经济中，成年人的体型、体力工作能力、自给自足生产力和营养状况可能相互关联，这些关系的一种跨代效应可能通过家庭发挥作用，影响儿童的营养状况。在本分析中，对巴布亚新几内亚的普拉里人群进行了研究，探讨成年人体型、制作西米淀粉所花费时间的工作生产力、饮食多样性、营养可获得性与儿童营养状况之间的关系。普拉里人群主要依赖富含淀粉的主要作物西米棕榈，除了能量外不含其他任何营养成分。对16名女性及其家庭和孩子的工作安排、家庭食物和营养可获得性以及营养状况进行了观察。一个关于特定一天制作西米所花费小时数与其他自给自足活动所花费天数的多元回归模型显示，与制作西米所花费的天数呈负相关，与捕鱼所花费的天数呈正相关。特定一天制作西米所花费的小时数也与家庭层面的每日人均蛋白质可获得量呈正相关。然而，这并非孕产妇营养状况的作用，因为成年女性的体型与特定一天制作西米所花费的小时数之间没有关联。而且，在女性在特定一天花费更长时间制作西米的家庭中，家庭层面较高的人均蛋白质可获得量也并未改善儿童的营养状况。由于在这一人群中，成年人体型、工作生产力、饮食多样性、营养可获得性与儿童营养状况之间的关系仅得到部分体现，可能只有在比普拉里三角洲更持续地需要体力繁重工作的情况下，这些联系才会重要。
