Peters Frank T, Schaefer Simone, Staack Roland F, Kraemer Thomas, Maurer Hans H
Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
J Mass Spectrom. 2003 Jun;38(6):659-76. doi: 10.1002/jms.483.
The classical stimulants amphetamine, methamphetamine, ethylamphetamine and the amphetamine-derived designer drugs MDA, MDMA ('ecstasy'), MDEA, BDB and MBDB have been widely abused for a relatively long time. In recent years, a number of newer designer drugs have entered the illicit drug market. 4-Methylthioamphetamine (MTA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and p-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) are also derived from amphetamine. Other designer drugs are derived from piperazine, such as benzylpiperazine (BZP), methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine (MDBP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and p-methoxyphenylpiperazine (MeOPP). A number of severe or even fatal intoxications involving these newer substances, especially PMA, have been reported. This paper describes a method for screening for and simultaneous quantification of the above-mentioned compounds and the metabolites p-hydroxyamphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine (pholedrine) in human blood plasma. The analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the selected-ion monitoring mode after mixed-mode solid-phase extraction (HCX) and derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The method was fully validated according to international guidelines. It was linear from 5 to 1000 micro g l(-1) for all analytes. Data for accuracy and precision were within required limits with the exception of those for MDBP. The limit of quantification was 5 micro g l(-1) for all analytes. The applicability of the assay was proven by analysis of authentic plasma samples and of a certified reference sample. This procedure should also be suitable for confirmation of immunoassay results positive for amphetamines and/or designer drugs of the ecstasy type.
传统兴奋剂苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、乙基苯丙胺以及由苯丙胺衍生的设计型药物3,4－亚甲基二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）、3,4－亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸）、3,4－亚甲基二氧基乙基苯丙胺（MDEA）、苄基二甲氧基苯丙胺（BDB）和甲基苄氧基苯丙胺（MBDB）已被广泛滥用了较长时间。近年来，一些新型设计型药物进入了非法毒品市场。4－甲硫基苯丙胺（MTA）、对甲氧基苯丙胺（PMA）和对甲氧基甲基苯丙胺（PMMA）也由苯丙胺衍生而来。其他设计型药物则由哌嗪衍生，如苄基哌嗪（BZP）、亚甲基二氧基苄基哌嗪（MDBP）、三氟甲基苯基哌嗪（TFMPP）、间氯苯基哌嗪（mCPP）和对甲氧基苯基哌嗪（MeOPP）。已报告了多起涉及这些新型物质（尤其是PMA）的严重甚至致命中毒事件。本文描述了一种用于筛查和同时定量人血浆中上述化合物以及代谢物对羟基苯丙胺和对羟基甲基苯丙胺（去甲伪麻黄碱）的方法。在采用混合模式固相萃取（HCX）并用七氟丁酸酐衍生后，通过气相色谱/质谱联用仪在选择离子监测模式下对分析物进行分析。该方法已按照国际指南进行了全面验证。所有分析物在5至1000μg l⁻¹范围内呈线性。除MDBP外，准确度和精密度数据均在规定范围内。所有分析物的定量限均为5μg l⁻¹。通过对真实血浆样本和认证参考样本的分析证明了该检测方法的适用性。该程序也应适用于确证苯丙胺和/或摇头丸类设计型药物免疫分析结果呈阳性的情况。
