Hambrecht M, Häfner H
Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim.
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr (1985). 1992;143(6):525-40.
The ABC-Schizophrenia-Study (Häfner et al. 1991), investigating a large, representative sample of 267 first admissions, did not find any gender differences in the lifetime morbidity risk for this disorder or in the frequency of nuclear symptoms in male and female schizophrenic patients. Marked gender differences, however, could be detected regarding the age at onset and its distribution and regarding illness behavior and certain secondary symptoms. The transnational stability of these findings was tested with data from the WHO studies "On Assessment and Reduction of Psychiatric Disability" (including 510 patients from 7 centres) and on "Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders" (with 1,292 patients from 11 centres). Studying pooled data sets from the studies minimized centre-specific selection effects on sampling. Major results of the ABC-Schizophrenia-Study were validated: the lack of a gender difference in the morbidity risk (cumulative lifetime incidence rates) for schizophrenia; lower mean age at first admission in males; an early, marked peak in the distribution of the age at onset in males; a later and broader peak in this distribution in females with a second peak after age 40-45; equal frequency of nuclear symptoms in both sexes; gender differences in some specific contents of delusions, secondary affective symptoms, social adjustment and illness behavior.
ABC精神分裂症研究（哈夫纳等人，1991年）对267例首次入院的具有代表性的大样本进行了调查，未发现该疾病终生发病风险或男女精神分裂症患者核心症状频率存在任何性别差异。然而，在发病年龄及其分布、患病行为和某些继发症状方面可检测到明显的性别差异。利用世界卫生组织“关于精神残疾的评估和减少”研究（包括来自7个中心的510名患者）和“严重精神障碍结局的决定因素”研究（来自11个中心的1292名患者）的数据对这些发现的跨国稳定性进行了检验。对这些研究的汇总数据集进行研究，最大限度地减少了中心特异性选择对抽样的影响。ABC精神分裂症研究的主要结果得到了验证：精神分裂症发病风险（累积终生发病率）不存在性别差异；男性首次入院的平均年龄较低；男性发病年龄分布有一个早期明显的高峰；女性在该分布中有一个较晚且更宽的高峰，在40 - 45岁之后有第二个高峰；男女核心症状频率相同；在妄想的某些具体内容、继发情感症状、社会适应和患病行为方面存在性别差异。
