Riederer P
Clinic and Polyclinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Neurochemistry, Centre of Excellence of the National Parkinson Foundation Miami, University of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
Neurotox Res. 2003;5(1-2):27-34. doi: 10.1007/BF03033370.
Evidence accumulates suggesting that environmental factors including viral and risk factors associated with pregnancy and birth-giving, may increase the incidence of hypokinesia/parkinsonism in early life, or PD in later life. Such environmental pre-, peri- or postnatal stress may lead to disturbances in the developing brain and malformations in regions of particular interest and associated with PD. Genetic predisposition to hypoactivity plus environmental effects may lead to reorganization of brain circuitry including changes in monoaminergic and/or EAA systems, leading to a subtype of PD, i.e. genetic, drug induced, viral, developmental and other possible subtypes. The spectrum disorder of PD is going to be further substantiated into various etiopathologically verifyable subgroups.
越来越多的证据表明,包括病毒在内的环境因素以及与妊娠和分娩相关的风险因素,可能会增加早年运动功能减退/帕金森症的发病率,或晚年帕金森病的发病率。这种环境产前、围产期或产后应激可能会导致发育中的大脑出现紊乱,并在特别感兴趣且与帕金森病相关的区域出现畸形。活动减退的遗传易感性加上环境影响可能会导致大脑回路的重组,包括单胺能和/或兴奋性氨基酸系统的变化,从而导致帕金森病的一种亚型,即遗传型、药物诱导型、病毒型、发育型和其他可能的亚型。帕金森病的谱系障碍将进一步细分为各种病因病理可验证的亚组。