Pomerleau Cynthia S, Downey Karen K, Snedecor Sandy M, Mehringer Ann M, Marks Judith L, Pomerleau Ovide F
Nicotine Research Laboratory, Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 475 Market Place, Suite L, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
Addict Behav. 2003 Aug;28(6):1149-57. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(02)00223-x.
Cigarette smokers are known to be overrepresented among adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). To date, however, no attempt has been made to determine the extent to which a lifetime diagnosis of ADHD may be associated with smoking even in the absence of current symptomatology. We hypothesized that nicotine dependence and abstinence effects-especially effects relevant to ADHD symptomatology-would be more pronounced in adult ADHD smokers in comparison with those who reported childhood ADHD symptoms only. Results indicated that, in contrast to controls without ADHD symptomatology, both adult and childhood ADHD groups were significantly more likely to experience a number of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, including irritability and difficulty concentrating; in no instance did the ADHD groups differ from one another in this regard. Thus, studying people with childhood symptoms of ADHD, even in the absence of an adult diagnosis, may shed light on the known association between smoking and ADHD.
众所周知，在患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人中，吸烟者的比例过高。然而，迄今为止，尚未有人尝试确定即使在没有当前症状的情况下，终生诊断为ADHD与吸烟之间的关联程度。我们假设，与仅报告有儿童期ADHD症状的人相比，尼古丁依赖和戒断效应——尤其是与ADHD症状相关的效应——在成年ADHD吸烟者中会更为明显。结果表明，与没有ADHD症状的对照组相比，成年和儿童ADHD组出现多种尼古丁戒断症状（包括易怒和注意力难以集中）的可能性显著更高；在这方面，ADHD组之间没有差异。因此，研究有儿童期ADHD症状的人，即使没有成年期诊断，也可能有助于揭示吸烟与ADHD之间的已知关联。
