Noack Frank, Reusche Erich, Gembruch Ulrich
Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003 Jul-Aug;18(4):226-9. doi: 10.1159/000070810.
A human tail is a rare congenital anomaly with a prominent lesion from the lumbosacrococcygeal region. According to Dao and Netzky human tails are classified into 'true tails' and 'pseudotails'. True tails comprise only mesenchymal tissue (adipose, connective, muscle, nerve tissue, blood vessels, and cutis). They are presumed to be remnants of the embryologic tail. All other lumbosacrococcygeal protrusions are summarized as pseudotails. Superficially they may resemble true tails. They contain normal or abnormal tissue, e.g. cartilage, lipoma and glioma. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of a human tail in association with omphalocele, hydrocephalus and antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome resulting in a severe fetal growth restriction. Due to cartilage content the appendage had to be classified as 'pseudotail'. However, anatomical position and the decrease of length observed by consecutive ultrasound examinations at 14 and 21 weeks of gestation was suggestive of delayed regression of a 'true tail'. Furthermore, the association of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome with congenital malformations is discussed.
人类尾巴是一种罕见的先天性异常，在腰骶尾骨区域有明显病变。根据道和内茨基的分类，人类尾巴分为“真尾”和“假尾”。真尾仅由间充质组织（脂肪、结缔组织、肌肉、神经组织、血管和皮肤）组成。它们被认为是胚胎尾巴的残余物。所有其他腰骶尾骨突出物都被归类为假尾。从表面上看，它们可能类似于真尾。它们包含正常或异常组织，如软骨、脂肪瘤和神经胶质瘤。我们报告了一例产前诊断出人类尾巴，同时伴有脐膨出、脑积水和抗磷脂抗体综合征，导致严重胎儿生长受限的病例。由于含有软骨成分，该附属物必须被归类为“假尾”。然而，在妊娠14周和21周时通过连续超声检查观察到的解剖位置和长度缩短提示“真尾”延迟退化。此外，还讨论了抗磷脂抗体综合征与先天性畸形的关联。
