Catros-Quemener Véronique, Bouet Françoise, Genetet Noëlle
UPRESA Cnrs 6027, Faculté de Médecine et CHU de Rennes, 2, avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2003 Jan;19(1):43-53. doi: 10.1051/medsci/200319143.
The identification of tumor specific antigens has provided important advance in tumor immunology. It is now established that specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells infiltrate tumor tissues and are effector cells able to control tumor growth. However, such a natural antitumor immunity has limited effects in cancer patients. Failure of host defenses against tumor is consecutive to several mechanisms which are becoming targets to design new immunotherapeutic approaches. CTL are critical components of the immune response to human tumors and induction of strong CTL responses is the goal of most current vaccine strategies. Effectiveness of cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines and injection of cells improving cellular immunity have been established in tumor grafted murine models. Clinical trials are underway. To day, interest is particularly focused on cell therapy: injected cells are either "ready to use" effector cells (lymphocytes) or antigen presenting cells able to induce a protective immune reaction in vivo (dendritic cells). The challenge ahead lie in the careful optimization of the most promising strategies in clinical situation.
肿瘤特异性抗原的鉴定在肿瘤免疫学领域取得了重要进展。现已证实，特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）和自然杀伤细胞会浸润肿瘤组织，并且是能够控制肿瘤生长的效应细胞。然而，这种天然抗肿瘤免疫在癌症患者中的作用有限。宿主对肿瘤防御的失败是由多种机制导致的，这些机制正成为设计新免疫治疗方法的靶点。CTL是人体肿瘤免疫反应的关键组成部分，诱导强烈的CTL反应是当前大多数疫苗策略的目标。细胞因子疗法、癌症疫苗以及注射可增强细胞免疫的细胞在肿瘤移植小鼠模型中的有效性已得到证实。临床试验正在进行中。如今，人们的兴趣尤其集中在细胞治疗上：注入的细胞要么是“即用型”效应细胞（淋巴细胞），要么是能够在体内诱导保护性免疫反应的抗原呈递细胞（树突状细胞）。未来的挑战在于在临床情况下仔细优化最有前景的策略。
