影响不同自由牛舍基础上畜栏使用情况的因素。

Wagner-Storch A M, Palmer R W, Kammel D W

Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.

J Dairy Sci. 2003 Jun;86(6):2253-66. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73816-8.

The objective of this study was to compare stall use (stall occupancy and cow position) by barn side for factors affecting stall use. A closed circuit television system recorded stall use four times per day for a 9-mo period starting May 9, 2001. Six factors were analyzed: stall base, distance to water, stall location within stall base section, stall location within barn, inside barn temperature, and length of time cows were exposed to stall bases. Two barn sides with different stocking densities were analyzed: low (66%), with cows milked by robotic milker; and high (100%), with cows milked 2X in parlor. Six stall base types were tested: two mattresses, a waterbed, a rubber mat, concrete, and sand (high side only). The base types were grouped 3 to 7 stalls/section and randomly placed in each row. Cows spent more time in mattress-based stalls, but the highest percentage lying was in sand-based stalls. The following significant stall occupancy percentages were found: sand had the highest percentage of cows lying on the high stocking density side (69%), followed by mattress type 1 (65%) > mattress type 2 (57%) > waterbed (45%) > rubber mat (33%) > concrete (23%). Mattress type 1 had the highest percentage stalls occupied (88%), followed by mattress type 2 (84%) > sand (79%) > soft rubber mat (65%) > waterbed (62%) > concrete (39%). On the low stocking rate side, mattress type 1 had the highest percentage cows lying (45%) and occupied (59.6%), followed by mattress type 2 > waterbed > soft rubber mat > concrete. Cow lying and stalls occupied percentages were highest for stalls 1) not at the end of a section, and 2) on the outside row, and varied by base type for time cows exposed to stalls and inside barn temperature. Lying and occupied percentages were different for different mattress types. The percentage of stalls with cows standing was higher for mat and mattress-based stalls. Results show mattress type 1 and sand to be superior and rubber mats and concrete inferior stall bases.

本研究的目的是按畜舍侧面对影响畜栏使用情况（畜栏占用情况和奶牛位置）的因素进行比较。从2001年5月9日开始，一个闭路电视系统在9个月的时间里每天记录4次畜栏使用情况。分析了六个因素：畜栏底部、到水源的距离、畜栏底部区域内的畜栏位置、畜舍内的畜栏位置、畜舍内温度以及奶牛接触畜栏底部的时长。对两个具有不同饲养密度的畜舍侧面进行了分析：低密度（66%），奶牛由机器人挤奶机挤奶；高密度（100%），奶牛在挤奶厅挤奶两次。测试了六种畜栏底部类型：两种床垫、一种水床、一种橡胶垫、混凝土和沙子（仅高侧）。每种底部类型按每3至7个畜栏/区域进行分组，并随机放置在每一排。奶牛在以床垫为底部的畜栏中停留的时间更长，但躺卧比例最高的是沙子为底部的畜栏。发现了以下显著的畜栏占用百分比：在高饲养密度一侧，沙子上躺卧奶牛的百分比最高（69%），其次是床垫类型1（65%）＞床垫类型2（57%）＞水床（45%）＞橡胶垫（33%）＞混凝土（23%）。床垫类型1的畜栏被占用百分比最高（88%），其次是床垫类型2（84%）＞沙子（79%）＞软橡胶垫（65%）＞水床（62%）＞混凝土（39%））。在低饲养率一侧，床垫类型1躺卧奶牛的百分比最高（45%），被占用的百分比最高（59.6%），其次是床垫类型2＞水床＞软橡胶垫＞混凝土。对于1）不在区域末端且2）在外排的畜栏，奶牛躺卧和畜栏被占用的百分比最高，并且根据底部类型不同，奶牛接触畜栏的时间和畜舍内温度也有所不同。不同床垫类型的躺卧和被占用百分比也不同。以垫子和床垫为底部的畜栏中奶牛站立的畜栏百分比更高。结果表明，床垫类型1和沙子是较好的畜栏底部类型，而橡胶垫和混凝土是较差的畜栏底部类型。