Mörike K, Gleiter Ch H
Abteilung Klinische Pharmakologie, Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen.
Ther Umsch. 2003 Jun;60(6):347-54. doi: 10.1024/0040-5930.60.6.347.
When prescribing drugs, the physician is responsible to warn his patient about potential impairment of driving capability. To do this, he needs to be aware of the duration and profile of actions, notably sedative and other effects affecting vigilance, cognitive and psychomotor functions. It is advisable to keep written records about such information. Impairment of driving capability may be more pronounced when ethanol is used during the action of drugs affecting central nervous function. The majority of published studies, particularly from epidemiological work with drivers, indicate an increased risk of accidents associated with the therapeutic use of benzodiazepines or cyclic antidepressants. Epidemiological data for other drugs available so far do not allow definite conclusions. Among antihistamines for drivers, loratadine or fexofenadine are probably preferable to ceritizine or older antihistamines. Patients with diabetes who drive should be informed about the risks and self-management of hypoglycaemia.
开药时，医生有责任告知患者药物对驾驶能力的潜在影响。为此，医生需要了解药物作用的持续时间和特点，尤其是镇静作用以及其他影响警觉性、认知和精神运动功能的作用。建议对此类信息做好书面记录。在使用影响中枢神经功能的药物期间饮酒，对驾驶能力的损害可能会更明显。大多数已发表的研究，特别是针对驾驶员的流行病学研究表明，使用苯二氮䓬类药物或三环类抗抑郁药进行治疗会增加事故风险。目前关于其他药物的流行病学数据尚无法得出明确结论。对于驾驶员使用的抗组胺药，氯雷他定或非索非那定可能比西替利嗪或老一代抗组胺药更可取。驾驶的糖尿病患者应被告知低血糖的风险及自我管理方法。
