Sanna E, Palmas L
Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Scienze Antropologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 (km 4.5), 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
Ann Hum Biol. 2003 May-Jun;30(3):295-303. doi: 10.1080/0301446031000075989.
The study describes and discusses the changes in body and head dimensions of urban pre-school children from Sardinia in a 15-year period.
The mean values of 11 anthropometric variables measured in 2001 in 414 children (209 males, 205 females) from 3 to 5 years old were compared with those measured in 1986 in 262 coeval children (131 males, 131 females). The t-test was used to evaluate whether the differences between the two samples, divided by sex, were statistically significant.
For each age class and sex, the differences between the means were significant for the following anthropometric variables: weight, stature, estimated lower limb length, biacromial breadth, bicristal breadth, body mass index, relative sitting height index, head length, and cephalic index. In contrast, the differences between the means were not significant for sitting height and head breadth.
The pre-school children of Cagliari measured in 2001 were on average taller and especially heavier than their same-sex peers measured in 1986; the increase in height was clearly due to the increased length of the lower limbs. The transverse dimensions of the trunk also increased, while its length remained largely the same. Head length also increased, while the relative sitting height and cephalic indexes decreased.
本研究描述并讨论了撒丁岛城市学龄前儿童在15年期间身体和头部尺寸的变化。
将2001年测量的414名3至5岁儿童（209名男性，205名女性）的11项人体测量变量的平均值与1986年测量的262名同龄儿童（131名男性，131名女性）的平均值进行比较。采用t检验来评估按性别划分的两个样本之间的差异是否具有统计学意义。
对于每个年龄组和性别，以下人体测量变量的平均值之间的差异具有统计学意义：体重、身高、估计下肢长度、肩峰间宽度、髂嵴间宽度、体重指数、相对坐高指数、头长和头指数。相比之下，坐高和头宽的平均值之间的差异不具有统计学意义。
2001年测量的卡利亚里学龄前儿童平均比1986年测量的同性同龄人更高，尤其是更重；身高的增加显然是由于下肢长度的增加。躯干的横向尺寸也增加了，而其长度基本保持不变。头长也增加了，而相对坐高和头指数下降了。
