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使用碳纳米管的小型化气体电离传感器。

Miniaturized gas ionization sensors using carbon nanotubes.

作者信息

Modi Ashish, Koratkar Nikhil, Lass Eric, Wei Bingqing, Ajayan Pulickel M

机构信息

Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.

出版信息

Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):171-4. doi: 10.1038/nature01777.

Abstract

Gas sensors operate by a variety of fundamentally different mechanisms. Ionization sensors work by fingerprinting the ionization characteristics of distinct gases, but they are limited by their huge, bulky architecture, high power consumption and risky high-voltage operation. Here we report the fabrication and successful testing of ionization microsensors featuring the electrical breakdown of a range of gases and gas mixtures at carbon nanotube tips. The sharp tips of nanotubes generate very high electric fields at relatively low voltages, lowering breakdown voltages several-fold in comparison to traditional electrodes, and thereby enabling compact, battery-powered and safe operation of such sensors. The sensors show good sensitivity and selectivity, and are unaffected by extraneous factors such as temperature, humidity, and gas flow. As such, the devices offer several practical advantages over previously reported nanotube sensor systems. The simple, low-cost, sensors described here could be deployed for a variety of applications, such as environmental monitoring, sensing in chemical processing plants, and gas detection for counter-terrorism.

摘要

气体传感器通过多种根本不同的机制运行。电离传感器通过识别不同气体的电离特性来工作,但它们受到其庞大、笨重的结构、高功耗以及危险的高压操作的限制。在此,我们报告了电离微传感器的制造及成功测试,该传感器利用一系列气体和气体混合物在碳纳米管尖端发生电击穿来工作。纳米管的尖锐尖端在相对较低的电压下会产生非常高的电场,与传统电极相比,将击穿电压降低了几倍,从而实现了此类传感器的紧凑、电池供电且安全的运行。这些传感器具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,不受温度、湿度和气流等外部因素的影响。因此,与先前报道的纳米管传感器系统相比,这些器件具有几个实际优势。这里描述的简单、低成本的传感器可用于多种应用,如环境监测、化学加工厂中的传感以及反恐气体检测。

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