Hallgren Per, Ikonen Arsi, Hjältén Joakim, Roininen Heikki
Department of Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
J Chem Ecol. 2003 May;29(5):1143-58. doi: 10.1023/a:1023829506473.
The aim of this study was to determine the inheritance pattern of phenolic secondary compounds in pure and hybrid willows and its consequences for plant resistance to leaf-feeding insects. F1, F2, and back-cross hybrids along with pure species were produced by hand pollination of pure, naturally-growing Salix caprea (L., Salicaceae) and S. repens (L.) plants. Leaf concentrations of condensed tannins and seven different phenolic glucosides were determined by using butanol-HCI and HPLC analyses. Insect herbivore leaf damage was measured on the same leaves as used for chemical analyses. We found hybrids to be approximately intermediate between the parental species: S. caprea with high levels of condensed tannins and no phenolic glucosides. and S. repens with low levels of condensed tannins and high levels of phenolic glucosides. We also found a negative correlation between concentrations of condensed tannins and phenolic glucosides, suggesting a trade-off in production of these two substances. F2 hybrids and the hybrid back-crossed to S. caprea were significantly more damaged by insect herbivores than the parental species and the F1 hybrid, indicating reduced resistance and possibly a selective disadvantage for these hybrid categories.
本研究的目的是确定纯柳树和杂交柳树中酚类次生化合物的遗传模式及其对植物抗食叶昆虫的影响。通过对天然生长的纯欧洲山杨（杨柳科，柳属）和匍匐柳植株进行人工授粉，培育出了F1、F2和回交杂种以及纯种植株。使用正丁醇 - 盐酸和高效液相色谱分析法测定叶片中缩合单宁和七种不同酚类糖苷的含量。在用于化学分析的同一片叶子上测量昆虫食草动物造成的叶片损伤。我们发现杂种在亲本物种之间大致处于中间水平：欧洲山杨缩合单宁含量高且无酚类糖苷，匍匐柳缩合单宁含量低且酚类糖苷含量高。我们还发现缩合单宁和酚类糖苷的浓度之间呈负相关，表明这两种物质在产生过程中存在权衡。F2杂种以及回交至欧洲山杨的杂种比亲本物种和F1杂种更容易受到昆虫食草动物的损害，这表明这些杂种类别的抗性降低，可能存在选择劣势。
