Drummond Hugh, Torres Roxana, Krishnan V V
Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, México DF 4510, México.
Am Nat. 2003 May;161(5):794-807. doi: 10.1086/375170. Epub 2003 May 2.
Do aggressive dominance and subordination in vertebrate broods and litters affect development? We examined 1,167 fledglings from two-chick broods of the blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii), a species in which the first-hatched chick dominates with violent attacks throughout the nestling period and subordinates suffer lower fledging success, but if both broodmates survive, they grow to the same size. There was little evidence that dominant fledglings were more likely to recruit into the breeding population than were subordinate fledglings, and there was no evidence that dominant and subordinate recruits differed in their age, date, brood size, or nest success at first reproduction or in their summed brood sizes or total nest success over the first 5 yr or first 10 yr of life. Compared with dominants, subordinate fledglings were less prejudiced by late hatching and established clutches earlier over the first 10 yr, and subordinate recruits had 33% larger broods over the first 5 yr. However, in broods where both chicks fledged, accumulated reproductive success for chicks up to age 5 yr was similar for dominants and subordinates. Exercising dominance throughout infancy apparently does not fortify a chick for the future and may incur a long-term cost, and suffering violent subordination throughout infancy has little or no prejudicial effect and may even steel a chick for adult life.
脊椎动物一窝幼雏中的攻击性支配和从属关系会影响发育吗？我们研究了蓝脚鲣鸟（Sula nebouxii）双雏一窝中的1167只雏鸟，在这个物种中，先孵化出的雏鸟在整个雏鸟期通过暴力攻击占据主导地位，从属的雏鸟成功离巢的几率较低，但如果两只雏鸟都存活下来，它们会生长到相同的大小。几乎没有证据表明占主导地位的雏鸟比从属雏鸟更有可能进入繁殖种群，也没有证据表明占主导地位和从属的新繁殖个体在年龄、日期、窝雏数、首次繁殖时的巢成功率，或在其生命的前5年或前10年的累计窝雏数或总巢成功率方面存在差异。与占主导地位的雏鸟相比，从属雏鸟受晚孵化的影响较小，并且在生命的前10年更早地建立窝卵数，从属的新繁殖个体在最初5年的窝雏数要大33%。然而，在两只雏鸟都离巢的窝中，5岁以下雏鸟的累计繁殖成功率在占主导地位和从属的雏鸟中相似。在整个幼年期行使支配权显然并不能让雏鸟为未来做好准备，反而可能会带来长期成本，而在整个幼年期遭受暴力从属关系几乎没有或没有不利影响，甚至可能会让雏鸟为成年生活做好准备。
