Hamilton Kirk, Dixon John A
Environment Department, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA.
Environ Monit Assess. 2003 Jul-Aug;86(1-2):75-89. doi: 10.1023/a:1024054602002.
The sustainability of development is closely linked to changes in total per capita wealth. This paper presents estimates of the wealth of nations for nearly 100 countries, broken down into produced assets, natural resources and human resources. While the latter is the dominant form of wealth in virtually all countries, in low income natural resource exporters the share of natural resources in total wealth is equal to the share of produced assets. For low income countries in general, cropland forms the vast majority of natural wealth. The analysis suggests the process of development can be viewed as one of portfolio management: sustainable development entails saving the rents from exhaustible resources, managing renewable resources sustainably, and investing savings in both produced assets and human resources.
发展的可持续性与人均总财富的变化密切相关。本文给出了近100个国家的国民财富估算值，这些财富分为生产资产、自然资源和人力资源。虽然在几乎所有国家中，后者都是财富的主要形式，但在低收入自然资源出口国，自然资源在总财富中的份额与生产资产的份额相等。总体而言，对于低收入国家来说，农田构成了绝大部分的自然财富。分析表明，发展过程可以被视为一种资产组合管理过程：可持续发展需要储蓄来自可耗竭资源的租金，可持续地管理可再生资源，并将储蓄投资于生产资产和人力资源。
