Slater N G
Department of Haematology, St Thomas' Hospital, London.
Br J Clin Pract. 1992 Autumn;46(3):193-7.
Autologous blood transfusion--the transfusion to a patient of his or her own blood--is increasingly being recognised as a useful adjunct to traditional transfusion practice. The reasons include fears of disease transmission, the potential adverse effects on the recipient's immune system of transfused donor blood, and logistical factors. The three main techniques of autologous transfusion are: (i) pre-deposit, in which patients donate blood over a period of time in preparation for elective surgery; (ii) pre-operative isovolaemic haemodilution, in which blood is removed immediately before surgery and volume replacement is given, the blood being reinfused post-operatively; and (iii) salvage transfusion--the collection of blood shed at surgery or in similar circumstances, which is reinfused immediately or after concentration and purification. All three techniques can help to improve the safety of transfusion and economise on scarce supplies of donor blood.
自体输血——将患者自身的血液回输给该患者——正日益被视为传统输血实践的一种有益辅助手段。其原因包括对疾病传播的担忧、输注供血者血液对受血者免疫系统的潜在不良影响以及后勤因素。自体输血的三种主要技术是：（i）预存式，即患者在一段时间内献血，为择期手术做准备；（ii）术前等容血液稀释，即在手术即将开始前采血并给予容量替代液，术后再将血液回输；以及（iii）回收式输血——收集手术中或类似情况下流出的血液，立即回输或在浓缩和净化后回输。这三种技术都有助于提高输血安全性并节省稀缺的供血。
