Hou S R, Xu X J, Yi P
Affiliated Hospital of The Medical College of Nanjing University.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 1992 Jun;31(6):338-40, 380.
Three hundred seventy-two cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia occurring during a 4-year period were reviewed. It was found that the annual incidence of the pneumonia was 1.44% which ranked first in the incidence of nosocomial infections at this institution. Most of the patients had suffered from primary severe underlying diseases with immunosuppression of different degrees. A variety of factors such as antibiotic and steroid therapy, operation, intensive care, endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy predisposed to the acquisition of this pneumonia. Most frequent etiologic agents for hospital-acquired pneumonia were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The overall mortality rate was 25.3%. However, deaths associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are particularly high, with rates of 70.6% and 66.7% respectively. The incidence, mortality, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disorder were discussed briefly.
对4年间发生的372例医院获得性肺炎病例进行了回顾性研究。结果发现，该肺炎的年发病率为1.44%，在该机构医院感染发病率中排名第一。大多数患者患有原发性严重基础疾病，并伴有不同程度的免疫抑制。抗生素和类固醇治疗、手术、重症监护、气管插管、气管切开术、化疗和放疗等多种因素易导致该肺炎的发生。医院获得性肺炎最常见的病原体是肠杆菌科细菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌。总死亡率为25.3%。然而，与铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌相关的死亡尤为高，分别为70.6%和66.7%。本文简要讨论了该疾病的发病率、死亡率、发病机制、诊断、治疗和预防。
